Gallbladder + Pancreas

the gallbladder is approximately ____-____ in length

7-10cm

the gallbladder is approximately ____-____ in diameter

3-5cm

the wall of the gallbladder should never be greater than

3mm

T or F: polyps don’t move and have blood flow

true

layer in which Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses may enlarge

serosal layer

what layer contracts in response to cholecystokinin

muscular

what triggers release of bile to digest food

cholecystokinin

what connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

cystic duct

where are the spiral folds of heister

within the cystic duct

_______ _____ carry bile from liver to duodenum

biliary ducts

bile is produced continuously by the ______, stored and concentrated by _____, and released intermittently by ____ contraction in response to presence of fat in duodeneum

liver, GB, GB

hepatocytes form

bile

the right and left hepatic ducts join to form the

common hepatic duct

the common hepatic duct turns into the

common bile duct

the common bile duct delivers bile to the

intestines

the CBD joins with the pancreatic duct to form the

ampulla of vater

distal CBD is thickened into the sphincter of

oddi

the hepaticopancreatic segment is thickened into the sphincter of

Oddi

hepatic arteries supply

intrahepatic ducts

cystic artery supplies the

proximal common duct

cystic artery supplies the

GB

CBD should not be larger than

6-7mm (1 cm)

what increases anytime someone has an infection or fever

leukocyte (WBC)

serum alkaline phosphatase increases with

obstruction

between junctional fold and neck of GB, stones tend to collect here

Hartman’s pouch

incomplete wall appearing between the body and the neck

junctional fold

fold at fundus of the GB

phrygian cap

absence of GB

agenesis

2 separate lumens and 2 separate cystic ducts

total duplication

2 separate lumens and 1 cystic duct

subtotal division

what sign is it when you push on the patient’s RUQ and it hurts

Murphy’s

small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common duct enter to release secretion

ampulla of vater

serves as a reservoir for bile, which is drained from the hepatic ducts in the liver

GB

The bright linear echo within the liver connecting the gallbladder and the right or main portal vein is called the

MLF

The yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells is called?

bilirubin

The common duct is seen just ____________to the portal vein before it dips posteriorly to enter the head of the pancreas.

anterior

In a 60-year-old adult, the normal common bile duct should not measure more than _____ mm

6

The hepatic duct runs __________ with the portal vein

parallel

The first part of the CBD lies in the right free edge of the ______ _______

lesser omentum

The second part of the CBD is situated posterior to the first part of the __________

duodenum

The third part lies in a groove on the posterior surface of the ____ __ ___ _______

head of the pancreas

Connects the neck of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form common bile duct

cystic duct

The size and shape of the gallbladder are

variable

Dilation of the gallbladder is known as

hydrops

The gallbladder may fold back on itself at the neck, forming

hartmann’s pouch

Folding of the fundus

Phrygian cap

in the neck of the gallbladder helps prevent a kinking of the duct

heister valves

when the gallbladder is removed

cholecystectomy

Pressure within the common bile duct drops to that of ________ _________ when the gallbladder is removed

intraabdominal pressure

Bile is the principal medium for excretion of ______ and ________

bilirubin, cholesterol

______ _______ activate intestinal and pancreatic enzymes

bile salts

the lumen of the gallbladder is supposed to be

anechoic

A gallbladder attack may cause pain in the _______ ________

right shoulder

a clinical sign of gallbladder disease

jaundice

the inner layer of the GB is referred to as the

mucosal layer

the middle layer of the GB is referred to as the

fibromuscular layer

the outside layer of the GB is referred to as the

serosal layer

what causes the gallbladder to contract

cholesytokinin

what supplies blood to the GB

cystic artery

what connects the GB to the biliary tree

cystic duct

cholelithiasis means

gallstones

the most common variant shape of the Gb is the

Phrygian cap

WES sign stands for

wall echo shadowing

what causes WES

a GB filled with stones

the chance for stones increases with all of the following except

a. pregnancy b. a new diet c. oral contraceptive d. exercise

d. excercise

what produces cholecystokinin

the duodenum

develops in embryo from _ seperate parts

2

the pancreas is _____ shaped

comma

the pancreas is made up of 5 parts, the 4 that everyone has are

head, neck, body, tail

the 5th part of the pancreas that is not always there

uncinate process

the uncinate part of the pancreas is ______ to the superior mesenteric artery

posterior

the pancreas is a ____peritoneal organ

retro

does the pancreas secrete substances as part of the exocrine or endocrine system

both

what is secreted by the exocrine function of the pancreas

amylase, lipase, and sodium bicarbonate

secretes substances on to epithelial surface through a duct or opening

exocrine

secrete substance straight to blood

endocrine

what small bodies are responsible for the endocrine functions of the pancreas

islets of langerhans

what is another name for the mainpancreatic duct

wirsung

what is another name for the accessory duct of the pancreas

santorini

if someone is not producing cholecystokinin, does that person gain or lose weight

gain

________ stimulates/contracts the GB

cholecystokinin

pancreatic enzymes and bile combine to make

chyme

the islets of Langerhans are composed of ____, ____,_____ cells

alpha, beta, delta

alpha cells make

glucagon

betas cells make

insulin

delta cells make

somatostatin

somatostatin restrains ______ and _____

insulin, glucose

the head of the pancreas receives blood from the

gastroduodenal artery

the body and the tail of the pancreas receive blood from the

superior mesenteric artery and the splenic artery

the pancreas is drain by the

splenic vein, SMV, IMV, portal vein

portal confluence is also referred to as

poral triad

The normal dimension of the pancreatic head is usually less than

3cm

The splenic artery is along the __________ border of the pancreas. The splenic vein is
along the ______________border of the pancreas

superior, posterior,

the _____ of the pancreas lies medial to the duodenum, inferior to the caudate
lobe of the pancreas

head

What vein passes sagittal and posterior to the pancreatic head?

SMV

What artery passes sagittal and posterior to the pancreatic body?

SMA

The normal size of a pancreatic duct is

2mm

The ____ of the pancreas lies between the stomach anteriorly and the left kidney posteriorly and extends to the hilum splenic hilum

tail

Portal/splenic confluence, SMV, SMA, Aorta, and IVC are __________ to pancreas

posterior

tail of the pancreas ___ - ____ cm

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