Reproductive Hormones in Endocrinology
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A set of flashcards summarizing key concepts from the endocrinology lecture on reproductive hormones, focusing on differentiation processes, hormonal functions, and anatomical changes.
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34 Terms
What are the three ways 'maleness' or 'femaleness' is characterized during sexual differentiation?
Genetic sex (XX or XY) 2. Gonadal sex (testes or ovaries) 3. Phenotypic or genital sex.
What initiates the development of testes at 6-7 weeks of embryological development?
The presence of the SRY gene (sex-regulating/determining region of the Y chromosome).
What hormone does Sertoli cells produce that causes atrophy of the Müllerian ducts?
Antimüllerian hormone (AMH).
What happens to the Wolffian ducts in the presence of testosterone?
They develop into male internal genitalia (seminal vesicle, epididymis, vas deferens).
What is phenotypic sex defined by?
The physical characteristics of the internal genital tract and external genitalia.
Which hormone is secreted by Leydig cells and is essential for male characteristics?
Testosterone.
What is the role of FSH in male reproductive physiology?
FSH acts on Sertoli cells of the testes to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis).
At what age does gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion begin during gestation?
Gestational week 4.
What effect does inhibin have on the anterior pituitary?
Inhibin negatively feeds back to inhibit the production of FSH.
What are the secondary sex characteristics developed in males due to testosterone?
Enlargement of larynx, growth of facial hair, shoulder broadening, and increased muscle mass.
How do Sertoli cells support spermatogenesis aside from nutrient provision?
They form tight junctions creating a blood-testis barrier and secrete androgen binding protein (ABP).
What is the primary function of aromatase in males?
To convert testosterone into estradiol (estrogen).
What is the outcome of testosterone binding to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)?
It protects testosterone from metabolic degradation but also renders it biologically inactive.
What stimulation occurs to the Leydig cells by LH?
LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
What is the consequence of administering progesterone on 5a-reductase activity?
Progesterone can inhibit the activity of 5a-reductase, leading to lower levels of DHT.
What physiological changes occur in females during puberty?
Budding of breasts, growth spurt, initiation of menstruation, and widening of hips.
What triggers the onset of pulsatile GnRH secretion at puberty?
A primary event initiated at puberty initiating parallel pulsatile secretions of FSH and LH.
What are the three ways 'maleness' or 'femaleness' is characterized during sexual differentiation?
Genetic sex: Determined by the sex chromosomes inherited (XX for female, XY for male).
Gonadal sex: Refers to the development of the primary reproductive organs
Ovaries in females
Testes in males
Phenotypic or genital sex: Defined by the physical characteristics of the internal genital tract and external genitalia, which are influenced by hormonal secretions from the gonads.
What initiates the development of testes at 6-7 weeks of embryological development?
The presence of the SRY gene (sex-regulating/determining region of the Y chromosome).
What hormone does Sertoli cells produce that causes atrophy of the Müllerian ducts?
Antimüllerian hormone (AMH).
What happens to the Wolffian ducts in the presence of testosterone?
They develop into male internal genitalia (seminal vesicle, epididymis, vas deferens).
What is phenotypic sex defined by?
The physical characteristics of the internal genital tract and external genitalia.
Which hormone is secreted by Leydig cells and is essential for male characteristics?
Testosterone.
What is the role of FSH in male reproductive physiology?
FSH acts on Sertoli cells of the testes to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis).
At what age does gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion begin during gestation?
Gestational week 4.
What effect does inhibin have on the anterior pituitary?
Inhibin negatively feeds back to inhibit the production of FSH.
What are the secondary sex characteristics developed in males due to testosterone?
Enlargement of larynx, growth of facial hair, shoulder broadening, and increased muscle mass.
How do Sertoli cells support spermatogenesis aside from nutrient provision?
They form tight junctions creating a blood-testis barrier and secrete androgen binding protein (ABP).
What is the primary function of aromatase in males?
To convert testosterone into estradiol (estrogen).
What is the outcome of testosterone binding to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)?
It protects testosterone from metabolic degradation but also renders it biologically inactive.
What stimulation occurs to the Leydig cells by LH?
LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
What is the consequence of administering progesterone on 5a-reductase activity?
Progesterone can inhibit the activity of 5a-reductase, leading to lower levels of DHT.
What physiological changes occur in females during puberty?
Budding of breasts, growth spurt, initiation of menstruation, and widening of hips.
What triggers the onset of pulsatile GnRH secretion at puberty?
A primary event initiated at puberty initiating parallel pulsatile secretions of FSH and LH.
Note 
Flashcards (23)