IB Computer Science SL/HL Paper 2 - Option A: Study Guide Summary

Flashcards covering the vocabulary from the IB Computer Science SL/HL Paper 2 - Option A: Study Guide Summary, including data integrity, normalization forms, database components and data mining methods.

Data Integrity

Refers to the accuracy, completeness, and validity for data; it follows the rules.

Data Redundancy

A situation where the same piece of data is stored in two or more different places.

Database Schema

A diagram that defines how data is organized in a relational database, including table names, fields, data types of fields, and relationships between tables.

Normalization

The process by which larger tables in a database are divided into smaller tables while ensuring data integrity and reducing data redundancy.

Concurrency

Allows multiple users to access a database at the same time without interfering with each other.

Data Warehouse

A central storage/repository of data from multiple sources, collected over time.

Data Mining

The analysis of large data sets with the purpose of detecting previously unknown patterns or relationships.

Data Modeling

The process of creating a visual representation of a whole or part of an information system.

Data Segmentation

The process of taking the data you hold and dividing it up and grouping similar data together based on the chosen parameters so that you can use it more efficiently within marketing and operations.

Primary Key

A field that is distinctive for each record.

Foreign Key

A field in one table that refers to the primary key field in another table.

Primary Composite Key

Two fields that together can function as a primary key when one field is not enough to uniquely identify records.

1st Normal Form (1NF)

Eliminate duplicate columns, columns with multiple types of values, create separate tables for each group of related data (with unique primary keys).

2nd Normal Form (2NF)

Meet all requirements for 1NF, eliminate partial dependency (columns dependent on one attribute of a composite primary key).

3rd Normal Form (3NF)

Meet all requirements for 2NF, eliminate transitive dependency.

Partial Dependency

When one field depends on only one field in a primary composite key, but not the other(s).

Transitive Dependency

When one field depends only on another field that is not the primary key.

Database Transactions

A set of SQL statements that are executed sequentially, as if they were one command.

Data Dictionary

A file or set of files that stores information about the database and the tables inside.

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A set of commands that allow us to define and modify the structure and metadata of a database.

DBMS (Database Management System)

A set of programs that allows a user to read, store, change/extract data in a database.

Database Administrator

A person who ensures that data in a database is performant, secure, and recoverable.

Data

Raw facts; unprocessed and without context.

Information

Data + context; processed and structured, interpreted by the user, given meaning.

Data Verification

Checks that input matches expected values in the database.

Data Validation

Checks that input follows rules for the type of input entered.

Secondary Key

Capable of functioning as a primary key; also called an alternate key.

Composite Primary Key

When one field is not enough to uniquely identify records, but two fields together can function as a primary key.

ACID Principles

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

Data Mining Methods

Cluster Analysis, Classification, Association Analysis, Link Analysis, Deviation Detection

ETL

Extraction, Transformation, Loading