Final Exam Practice 8

Energy available at primary consumers if producers have 20,000 kcal

2,000 kcal

Amount of energy passed to the next trophic level in a food chain

10%

Explanation for lower energy at higher trophic levels

There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of energy loss through metabolism and heat loss at lower levels.

Relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unharmed (e.g., remora and shark)

commensalism

Relationship where both organisms benefit

mutualism

Type of growth shown by a J-shaped curve (unlimited resources)

exponential

Term for living factors in an ecosystem

biotic

How animals obtain nitrogen

by eating plants

Part of the carbon cycle involving animals breathing out carbon dioxide

respiration

Ocean acidification affects marine organisms' ability to build their

shells