PHS Midterm Review

Communication process step one

set communication goals

Communication process step 2

create the message

Communication process step 3

deliver the message

Communication process step 4

listen to the response

Communication process step 5

offer feedback and seek

Communication process step 6

evaluate the encounter and revise the message

Types of feedback

paraphrasing- rewording the message

reflecting- prompts reader

asking questions- reflect on clarification and info

requesting examples- explain more clearly

Nonverbal is what percentage of communication?

70%

Autocratic leadership

one person makes ALL choices

Democratic leadership

teamwork is key and choices are made as a whole

Laissez- Faire leadership

leaders let their employees completely make their decisions

Servant leadership

focuses on development and well being of team members solely

Bureaucratic leadership

prioritizes authority and hierarchy

communication

the process in which messages are exchanged between sender and receiver

Ancient times (time frame)

Beliefs of the ancient times

illness/diseases where caused by supernatural spirits

Materials used for medicine

foxglove, leaves, quinine from bar of cinchona trees, belladonna and atropine, morphine

Earliest accurate health records produced by

Egyptians

Ancient health records were produced in

hieroglyphics

embaling

• done by special priests

• advanced anatomy

• strong antiseptics

• gauze where similar to today’s

What diseases where found by the Egyptians

• arthritis

• kidney stones

• arteriosclerosis

Importance of Greek medicine

• first to study cause of disease and helped eliminate superstitions

• sanitary practices were associated w/ the spread of disease

Hippocrates

• no dissection, only observation

• took careful notes

• diseases were not from supernatural forces

importance of Roman medicine

developed a sanitation system and beginning of public health care

Dark ages time frame

400-800 A.D

Middle ages time frame

800-1400 A.D

Renaissance medicine time frame

1350-1650

Leonardo Da Vinci

anatomy of the body

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

invented microscope and observed microorganisms

William Harvey

circulation of blood

Gabriele Fallopian

discovered fallopian

Edward Jenner

smallpox vaccination

Benjamin Franklin

invented bifocals, found that colds spread

Laennec

invented the stethoscope

Louis Pasteur

discovered microorganisms cause disease (germ theory)

Robert Koch

father of microorganisms and identified germ causing TB

Wilhelm Roentgen

discovered x-rays

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A federal health agency that aims to improve public health by control

World Health Organization (WHO)

International health agency that aims to improve health globally and coordinates health efforts around the world

US department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

a federal agency of healthcare professionals that aim to advance the healthcare of the nation

National Institutes of Health

The United States official medical research agency

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

A U.S governemnt agency that aims to improve the quality, safety, and effectiveness of healthcare for all americans

Veterans Health Administration

U.S government agency that supports and provides to military veterans

U.S Food and Drugs Administrations (FDA)

a federal agency in charge of protecting public health by regulating food, drugs, and medical devices

Occupational Safety and Health Administrations (OSHA)

A U.S government agency that ensures safety and healthy working conditions for healthcare employees

Medcaid

joint federal agency and state health insurance program for those w/ low income/limited resources

Medicare

health insurance program for people 65 or older, or people w/ health conditions or disabilities

Hospice

care that prioritizes quality of comfort for those w/ terminal illness or nearing end of life

Pharmaceutical research and Manufactures of America (PhRMA)

a trade association that represents the pharmaceutical companies of America

Premium

the monthly amount you pay to have health insurance (like a subscription)

Copay

a fixed fee you pay at time of service

Deductible

the amount of money you must pay yourself for covered medical services before your insurance starts paying

coinsurance

the percentage of costs a patient pays for healthcare services after meeting their deductible

Pre-existing condition

any healthcare problem you already had before your insurance coverage began

Claim

a request to an insurance company for compensation for loss of damage

Reimbursement

payment made by a healthcare provider for covered expenses that have already been paid out of pocket

HMO

Health Maintenance organization - you must use in-network doctors and hospitals. you need a primary care doctor and you need referrals to see specialists

PPO

Preferred provider organization- you can see any doctor you want, but you pay more

POS

point of service- you have a primary care doctor, but can go out of network if you get a referral

Medical Documentation

notes and documentation added to a patients medical records

Medical record

collection of all documentation that pertain to a single person

Charting

recording observations and information

How do you make correction on paper medical records

• draw a single line through the error

• write in correct info

• note error per facility policy

• date and initial corrections

• correct immediately on computer

SOAP notes

format for charting each problem

• S- subjective

• O- objective

• A- assessment

• P- plan

SOAPIE notes

S,O,A have the same meanings

• P-plan

• I- interventions

• E- evaluate

What is HIPAA and what does it stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

• government legislation that includes protection and patient privacy

Autonote

AI powered tool that automates clinical documentation (when you talk, it writes) (mainly for prescriptions)

Telepharmacy

uses technology to provide pharmacist care remotely (for long distance)

Telemedicine

using electronic communication to provide healthcare remotely

Criminal Law

focuses on wrong against a person, property, or society

Civil Law

focuses on legal relationships between people and protection of person rights

Malpractice

the failure of a professional to use the degree of skill and learning expected of a person in their respective fields (bad practice)

Negligence

failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position

Assault

a threat or attempt to injure

Informed consent

permission granted voluntarily by a person who is of sound and mind

False Imprisonment

restraining an individual or restricting their freedom

Abuse

any care that results in physical, mental, or psychological harm

types of abuse

• physical

• verbal

• psychological

• sexual

defamation

false statements that either cause a person to be ridiculed or damage their reputation

Types of defamation

libel- written

slander- spoken

people who cannot enter a contract

• minors

• mentally incompetent persons

• under mentally altering drugs

• semiconscious or unconscious

• legal disability

Patients bill of rights

• considerate and respectful care

• obtain complete, current info concerning diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis

• receive info necessary to give informed consent

• refuse treatment to the extent of the law

ethics

a set of principles relating to what is morally right or wrong

parts of a contract and what they are

• offer- person offers to be a patient

• accept- provider treats patient

• consider- patient pays provider

Agent

a person working under supervision of an employer

principle

employer of agent- responsible or liable for actions of agent and may have to pay