The bureaucracy retake

25th amendment

(1) Succession of VP if president dies or become incapable to do his job.(2) if there is no VP, president must appoint one, and congress must approve

Treaties

a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries. Must be approved by 2/3 of the Senate

Cabinet Role

To advise the President on any subject he may require relating to the duties of each member's respective office.

Independent Regulatory Agencies

agencies in the executive branch of the federal government formed by Congress to help enforce laws and regulations. Heads can be removed for cause only.

Congressional Oversight

a committee's investigation of the executive and of government agencies to ensure they are acting as Congress intends

Discretionary authority

The extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws.

Iron triangle

A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group

Issue networks

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas