Sports Med Final Exam Terms

Cranial nerves assessment

Involves testing sensory, motor, and special senses for each of the 12 pairs.

Battle’s sign

Bruising behind the ear and over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture.

KSHAA Return to Play concussion guidelines

Immediate removal from play, evaluation by a healthcare provider, and written medical release required before following a strict return-to-play protocol.

ACL

Connects femur to tibia, preventing anterior translation and limiting rotation.

PCL

Located behind the ACL, connects femur to tibia, preventing posterior translation.

Mechanism of Injury for ACL and PCL

ACL tears often from twisting/pivoting; PCL tears from direct impact to a bent knee.

Post-concussion syndrome

Persistence of concussion symptoms weeks or months after a head injury, often requiring therapy.

Knee special tests

McMurray Test, Apprehension Test, Lachman's Test, and others used to assess knee injuries.

Key warning signs of ACL tears

Hearing/feeling a pop, immediate pain, rapid swelling, and instability.

Anterograde amnesia

Inability to form new memories after a brain injury.

Retrograde amnesia

Inability to recall past memories from before a brain injury.

Concussion

Brain trauma caused by a blow to the head with transient cognitive impairment.

Shock symptoms

Cool, clammy skin, rapid pulse, confusion, and pale/blueish skin.

Bleeding sources

Arterial (bright red, spurting), Venous (dark red, steady flow), Capillary (light red, oozing).

Subdural vs. Epidural Hematoma

Epidural is above the dura mater; subdural is below the dura mater.

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)

Neurological assessment tool measuring consciousness via eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

Proprioception

The body's sense of its own position and movement in space.

Therapeutic modalities

Treatments using energies or techniques for pain relief and improved function.

Hyphema

A collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, indicating a medical emergency.

Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction requiring immediate treatment with an EpiPen.

Nystagmus

Involuntary, rapid eye movements.

Tooth Avulsion

Complete loss of a tooth from its socket, requiring placement in milk.

Patellar subluxation

Partial dislocation of the kneecap that pops back in place.