respiratory, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

enumeration

ph: <7.35, CO2: >45 mmHg

respiratory acidosis

stimuli of respiratory acidosis

1. hypoventilation

2. acute respiratory failure

3. oversedation of narcotics and anesthesia

4. COPD and asthma

5. alcohol intoxification

6. head trauma

7. sleep apnea

signs and sympoms of respiratory acidosis

1. kidneys generate HCO3

2. Hypoventilation (slow, shallow breathing)

3. headache

4. blurred vision

5. altered sensorium

6. confusion

7. respiratory collapse, cardiovascular collapse

management of respiratory acidosis

1. restore ventilation : cpr, oxygenation, intubation

2. treat respiratory infections : antibiotic, bronchodilator

3. antidote for narcotic/ anesthesia overdose :naloxone

ph: >7.45 , CO2: <35 mmHg

respiratory alkalosis

stimuli in respiratory alkalosis

1. hyperventilation

2. high fever

3. mechanical ventilator

sign and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

1. kidneys eliminate HCO3

2. hyperventilation

3. panicked

4. light headed

5. tremors

6. tetany

7. palpitation

8. chest tightness

management for respiratory alkalosis

1. breath slowly in paper bag to rebreath CO2

2. breath with the patient (emotional support)

3. preventive emotional support

ph: < 7.35 ,HCO3: <22 meq/L

metabolic acidosis

stimuli of metabolic acidosis

1. acute lactic acidosis

2. diabetic acidosis

3. acute/chronic renal failure

4. diarrhea

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

1. increased rate and depth of rr (hyperventilation)

2. headache

3. fatigue

4. weakness

5. coma

6. hyperkalemia

7. dysrhythmias

8. nausea

9. vomiting

10. warm and flushed skin

management of metabolic acidosis

1. correct underlying cause

2. restore fluid balance

3. correct electrolyte imbalance

4. sodium bicarbonate

ph: >7.35, HCO3: >26 meq/L

metabolic alkalosis

stimuli of metabolic alkalosis

1. vomiting

2. gastric suctioning

3. excessive diuretic therapy

4. excessive intake of sodium bicarbonate/ bicarbonate rich antacid

signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

1. decrease rate and depth of rr (hypoventilation)

2. numbness

3. tingling

4. altered mental status

5. muscle spasms

6. slow shallow breathing

management of metabolic alkalosis

1. correct underlying cause

2. restore fluid

3. correct electrolyte imbalance