Consequences of Industrialization from c. 1750 to c. 1900

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the consequences of industrialization, including imperialism, migration, and socio-economic changes from 1750 to 1900.

Industrialization

The process of developing industries in a country or region on a wide scale, characterized by the use of machinery and factory systems.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Social Darwinism

A social theory that applies the concept of natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialism and colonialism on the grounds of racial superiority.

Economic imperialism

A form of imperialism where a foreign power exerts a dominating influence over the economy of a region, often through investment and trade.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies become independent from the colonizing country.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently in a new location.

Suez Canal

A man-made waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, completed in 1869, which significantly shortened the sea route between Europe and Asia.

Berlin Conference

An 1884-1885 meeting of European powers to establish rules for the colonization of Africa, resulting in the partition of the continent without consideration for indigenous cultures or boundaries.

Ceylon

An island in the Indian Ocean, known today as Sri Lanka, that was under British control during the colonial period.

East India Company (EIC)

An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the East Indies, which played a significant role in British imperialism in India.

Taiping Rebellion

A massive civil war in China from 1850 to 1864 against the Qing Dynasty, resulting in millions of deaths and influencing foreign interventions.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-imperialist uprising in China in 1900, aimed at ending foreign influence and control in China, particularly against missionaries and international businesses.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between China and Japan (1894-1895) primarily over influence in Korea, which resulted in Japan's victory and the emergence of Japan as a great power.

Boer Wars

Conflicts between the British Empire and two Boer republics (1880–1881, 1899–1902) in South Africa over British control and the rights of Afrikaners.

Missionaries

Individuals who undertake religious missions, often in a colonial context, to convert indigenous peoples and spread Christianity.

Corvée labor

A form of unpaid labor required by a state or employer, often used in the context of colonial projects.

Manifest Destiny

A 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Racial ideologies

Beliefs and theories that assert the superiority of one race over another, often used to justify colonialism and imperialism.