Chapter 3: Part 2: Chemistry, Enzymes & Macronutrients

what are starting substances called?

rectants

what are ending substances called?

products

metabolism

refers to all of the chemical reactions occurring within the body

energy

the capacity to do work

potential energy

energy stored by matter due to its position

kinetic energy

energy in motion

What form of energy is chemical energy?

potential energy

Compounds

a substance that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements

Most atoms in the body are joined into compounds

true 

what are the elements make up ATP?

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphates

The bonds between phosphate groups store great amounts of what kind of energy?

potential energy

What enzyme, alongside with what molecule is used to break the bond between the second and third phosphate group? What is released?

ATPase with water. Energy is released.

During muscle contraction, what is the energy released by ATP hydrolysis used for?

it is used to reset the myosin head back to starting position

enzymes

cellular proteins that act as catalysts to increase the speed of chemical reactions

catalysts

chemical compounds that increase speed of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction

activation energy

the energy needed to break the bonds of reactants in a chemical reaction

Enzymes cause a reaction to occur

False, they help the reaction occur faster

How is enzyme activity measured?

By the rate of product formation

What conditions or factors increase enzyme activity rates?

high temperature, low pH

What is pH can indicator of?

blood and tissue H+ ion concentration

As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, what does that do to the pH?

lowers the pH

a low pH means there is a high concentration of what?

hydrogen ions

what is the optimal body temp in celsius and farenheit?

37C 98.6F

The breakdown of ATP occurs faster when your body is what?

warmer

A smaller activation energy means?

you get to make the product faster 

less enzymes means? more enzymes?

less enzymes means more activation energy is needed and more enzymes means less activation energy is needed

what are the components of carbohydrates? (CHO)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in specific ratios

what is the usable form of CHO?

glucose

what is the storage form of CHO?

glycogen

What is the process called when we go from the usable form to the storage form of glucose? what is the enzyme?

glycogen synthase, glycogenesis

What is the process called when we go from the storage form to the usable form of glucose? what is the enzyme?

glycogen phosphorylase, glycogenolysis