(P) HT Lab L2-L3

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hANgiQoMottSKLIGIIK38xmuKevACRj1S8NIxHPMoT0/edit?usp=sharing

B

Which method of fresh tissue examination involves dissecting tissue in a watch glass or petri dish containing Normal Saline Solution (NSS)?

• a. Squash preparation

• b. Teasing/Dissociation

• c. Smear preparation

• d. Touch imprint

• e. Frozen section

C

Which microscope type utilizes optical phase shifts to enhance contrast in transparent, unstained live specimens?

• a. Bright-field

• b. Electron microscope

• c. Phase-contrast

• d. Polarizing microscope

• e. Fluorescent microscope

A

What are the common examples of "vital stains" used in squash preparations?

• a. Neutral red and Janus green

• b. Crystal violet and Iodine

• c. Hematoxylin and Eosin

• d. Methylene blue and Giemsa

• e. Sudan black and Oil red O

D

Which smear technique is commonly used for sputum and Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy for tuberculosis?

• a. Streaking

• b. Pull-apart

• c. Touch imprint

• d. Spreading

• e. Squashing

C

Which smear preparation technique is ideal for thick serous fluids or sputum by placing a drop between two slides and separating them in a single motion?

• a. Streaking

• b. Spreading

• c. Pull-apart

• d. Touch imprint

• e. Teasing

E

Which technique preserves the structural integrity of tissue by gently pressing the cut surface onto a slide?

• a. Pull-apart

• b. Streaking

• c. Teasing

• d. Spreading

• e. Touch imprint

B

What is the primary purpose of a frozen section in the clinical setting?

• a. Long-term storage of tissue blocks

• b. Rapid intraoperative diagnosis

• c. Routine preparation for electron microscopy

• d. Demonstration of bacterial spores

• e. Identification of synthetic resins

C

What is the typical temperature range of a cryostat cabinet?

• a. 0°C to 5°C

• b. -10°C to -20°C

• c. -15°C to -30°C

• d. -40°C to -60°C

• e. -70°C to -90°C

D

Which freezing agent is highly discouraged for muscle tissue because it causes severe ice crystal artifacts due to rapid, uneven cooling?

• a. Liquid Nitrogen

• b. Isopentane

• c. Carbon Dioxide gas

• d. Aerosol sprays

• e. Distilled water

B

What type of slides are utilized in cryostat sectioning to ensure the tissue adheres firmly during rapid staining?

• a. Standard frosted slides

• b. Poly-L-lysine or silanized slides

• c. Concave slides

• d. Cavity slides

• e. Quartz slides

C

Which microtome is known as the "gold standard" for routine and research paraffin sections?

• a. Cambridge Rocking microtome

• b. Base sledge microtome

• c. Rotary (Minot) microtome

• d. Queckett microtome

• e. Ultra-thin microtome

A

Which microtome is considered the simplest and uses a spring-operated arc movement, making it unsuitable for serial sections?

• a. Cambridge Rocking microtome

• b. Base sledge microtome

• c. Rotary microtome

• d. Cryostat

• e. Ultra-thin microtome

C

Which microtome features a stationary knife and a movable block carriage on runners, making it ideal for very large tissue blocks?

• a. Cambridge Rocking microtome

• b. Rotary microtome

• c. Base Sledge microtome

• d. Queckett microtome

• e. Cryostat

D

Which microtome is used for hard synthetic resins required for Electron Microscopy?

• a. Rotary microtome

• b. Base sledge microtome

• c. Cambridge rocking microtome

• d. Ultra-thin microtome

• e. Queckett microtome

A

What is the major limitation of the Queckett (freezing) microtome?

• a. It cannot cut serial sections and is prone to freezing artifacts

• b. It is too expensive for routine lab use

• c. It is used only for ultra-thin sections

• d. It requires liquid nitrogen

• e. It uses a rotating wheel

C

What is the definition of "Ribbon Sectioning"?

• a. Cutting consecutive sections in exact sequential order

• b. Alternate trimming and cutting of sections

• c. Sections that adhere at their edges, forming a continuous chain

• d. Trimming down until a deep lesion is reached

• e. Cutting sections using a chisel knife

D

If a pathologist suspects a lesion deeper inside a tissue block, which sectioning technique is performed?

• a. Ribbon sectioning

• b. Serial sectioning

• c. Step sectioning

• d. Deeper level sectioning

• e. Touch imprint

A

Which microtome knife profile is biconcave and strictly confined to the Cambridge rocking microtome?

• a. Profile A

• b. Profile B

• c. Profile C

• d. Profile D

• e. Profile E

B

Which microtome knife profile is planoconcave and typically used with base sledge microtomes?

• a. Profile A

• b. Profile B

• c. Profile C

• d. Profile D

• e. Profile E

C

Which microtome knife profile is wedge-shaped and considered the most versatile?

• a. Profile A

• b. Profile B

• c. Profile C

• d. Profile D

• e. Profile E

D

Which microtome knife profile is used for extremely hard materials like undecalcified bone?

• a. Profile A

• b. Profile B

• c. Profile C

• d. Profile D

• e. Profile E

B

What is the correct definition of "Sharpening" in the context of microtome knives?

• a. Realigning turned edges without removing metal

• b. Removing metal to create a brand-new edge

• c. Polishing the knife with a leather strop

• d. Cleaning the knife with xylol

• e. Using an aerosol spray to cool the blade

C

What is the correct definition of "Honing"?

• a. Removing large amounts of metal from the blade

• b. Repairing a jagged edge

• c. Realigning turned edges without removing metal

• d. Polishing the knife using jeweler’s rough

• e. Replacing the blade with a disposable one

A

What is the "Stropping" process primarily used for?

• a. Polishing the blade using a leather strop and jeweler’s rough

• b. Lubricating the knife

• c. Creating a new edge on a dull knife

• d. Cooling the knife before cutting

• e. Realigning the bevel angle

B

During the honing process, which part of the knife should lead?

• a. The back of the knife

• b. The cutting edge

• c. The middle of the blade

• d. The heel of the knife

• e. The bevel face

C

What is the standard temperature for the water bath used in microtomy?

• a. Exactly the melting point of the paraffin wax

• b. 5°C to 10°C above the melting point of the paraffin wax

• c. 5°C to 10°C below the melting point of the paraffin wax

• d. 37°C regardless of the wax used

• e. Room temperature

E

Why are alcohol or small amounts of detergent added to the water bath?

• a. To increase the melting point of the wax

• b. To disinfect the tissue

• c. To prevent bacterial growth

• d. To harden the tissue

• e. To reduce surface tension and flatten sections

C

Which tissue requires lower heat (37°C) for drying to prevent splitting and cracking?

• a. Kidney

• b. Liver

• c. Brain

• d. Muscle

• e. Bone

B

What is the standard dimension of a microscope slide?

• a. 25 x 75 mm

• b. 76 x 25 mm

• c. 50 x 50 mm

• d. 100 x 25 mm

• e. 76 x 76 mm

C

Which chemical is used to clean microtome parts (while avoiding painted surfaces)?

• a. Ethanol

• b. Acetone

• c. Xylol

• d. Formalin

• e. Isopentane

E

In the context of microtomy, what is the purpose of the hand wheel lock?

• a. To change the thickness of the section

• b. To lock the blade in place

• c. To accelerate the cutting speed

• d. To prevent the knife from vibrating

• e. To stabilize the microtome when changing blocks

C

What is the term for cutting consecutive sections from the same block in exact sequential order and numbering them?

• a. Ribbon sectioning

• b. Step sectioning

• c. Serial sectioning

• d. Deeper level sectioning

• e. Trimming

D

Which microtome uses a CO2 cylinder or Peltier thermoelectric modules for freezing?

• a. Rotary microtome

• b. Base sledge microtome

• c. Cambridge rocking microtome

• d. Queckett microtome

• e. Ultra-thin microtome

B

What material is commonly used to create glass knives for semi-thin sectioning?

• a. Diamond chips

• b. Washed glass strips (40x2.5 cm)

• c. Tungsten carbide

• d. Carbon steel

• e. Quartz

A

Which of the following is an essential safety precaution when handling microtome knives?

• a. Use brushes or forceps to handle blades

• b. Always clean the blade with your fingers

• c. Leave the blade on the microtome when not in use

• d. Remove the blade only once a month

• e. Use a damp cloth to dry the blade

B

Which profile of knife is characterized by one flat side and one concave side?

• a. Profile A

• b. Profile B

• c. Profile C

• d. Profile D

• e. Profile E

D

What happens if a knife back is swapped between different knives during honing?

• a. It improves the sharpness

• b. It prevents rust

• c. It cleans the knife

• d. It distorts the bevel angle

• e. It reduces the need for stropping

B

Which of the following is true regarding the motion during stropping?

• a. The cutting edge leads

• b. The back of the knife leads

• c. It is done in a circular motion

• d. It removes significant amounts of metal

• e. It is done with the knife tilted at 45 degrees

C

What is the recommended frequency for honing the microtome knife?

• a. Every few weeks

• b. Only when the knife is broken

• c. Frequently, after each use

• d. Once a year

• e. Never, only sharpening is required

E

How should the concave surface of a planoconcave (Profile B) knife be oriented when in use?

• a. Parallel to the water bath

• b. It does not matter

• c. Facing the tissue block at a 90-degree angle

• d. Facing downwards

• e. Facing upwards