ap euro mu 2 nb 7 religious conflicts

1540-1648 was defined by a series of

brutal internal and interstate religious conflicts

council of trent: church approved of

catholic leaders banning and resisting protestantism

what did charles V do and how

reunited catholic europe by force by taking his armies into protestant lands

who was charles v

king of spain and holy roman emperor

what was charles V goal

defeat defiant protestant princes and return them to catholicism

what did charles v do in the 1540s

used all resources of spain to combat the protestant princes in a concerted effort to stymie protestantism

what was the problem with the holy roman empire

many princes defied charles v, opting to be protestant

why would princes defy the church

to be free of church taxes and catholic control in their land

charles v was never able to

completely defeat protestants

charles v was fairly successful with the

might of spain anad catholic parts of holy roman emperor

protestant princes formed a defensive alliance known as

schmalkaldic league, resisted charles v for over a decade

schmalkaldic league was made by

protestant princes forming a defensive alliance

charles v realized he couldnt _ and settled for _

reunify europe, peace

charles v agreed to settle for peace at _ in _

peace of augsburg in 1555

peace of augsburg was in

1555

what did the peace of augsburg do

allowed princes to choose either catholicism or lutheranism, decentralized the empire further

while charles V was unable to _, he was able to

defeat protestants in german lands, able to fight them victoriously in netherlands

dutch were

stoutly (firmly) calvinist

dutch revolts began in

1568

in 1568 began the

longest and bloodiest revolt in european history: 80 year dutch revolts

dutch in comparison to spain

small in number and power

despite dutch being smaller in number and power, spain had

3 spanish monarchs fought constantly to eliminate dutch protestantism

among the 3 spanish monarchs were

charles v and philip II

Phillip II was the one to

officially outlaw all protestantism and send inquisition to netherlands

_ of _ protestants died in this _ year revolt

thousands of dutch protestants died in this 80 year revolt

were dutch victorious in end

yes

why were dutch victorious in the end

spain ran out of finances and support in early 1600s

in france, protestant catholic conflict was far more

complicated and bloody

french protestants were _ and also called

calvinists, huguenots

where did huguenots live

they were spread all throughout france, rather than all being in similar areas

from what years did huguenot princes fight and resist king of france

1562-1598

in 1562-1598, huguenot princes did what

fought and resisted king of france who had always remained a catholic monarch w catholic laws

huguenot and catholic forces were able to keep fighting due to

foreign aid, england helped protestants and spain helped catholics

nobles and princes had fought in france for decades, but the wars escalated when

henry of navarre, a protestant became king of navarre

in __ henry married _

1572, margaret medici

margaret medici

italian born catholic girl from very rich catholic family

how was henry supported?

all the most powerful and rich huguenot princes gathered in paris for his wedding

knowing that all the huguenot princes would be in france, _ arranged for

catherine de medici arranged for all huguenot princes to be murdered

when was st bartholomews day massacre

august 24th, 1572

what was st bartholomews day massacre

catholics murdered thousands of huguenots and families before the wedding and throughout the kingdom

with the huguenots weakened, the massacre _

reduced religious wars in france, as many of rich and powerful huguenot princes were now dead

henry of navarre became king in

1598

what did henry of navarre do as king

enacted edict of nantes

edict of nantes

officially made all huguenots legal and safe in kingdom of france

how was edict of nantes similar to peace of augsburg

augsburg made lutherans legal in germany, edict of nantes made french protestants safe in france