2.Organisation of the organism

What are eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

What are prokaryotic cells

Cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

What is the function of the cell wall

Provides support, protection and Shape. It is made up of cellulose for plants and peptidoglycan in bacteria. It is not present in animal cells

What does the cell membrane do?

controls what enters and leaves the cell, it is partially permeable

What happens in the cytoplasm

It is the site of chemical reactions and contains enzymes and organelles

What is the function of the nucleus

controls cell activities and contains genteic material called DNA, it is not present in bacteria

What is the role of chloroplasts

contins chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis and it is present only in plant cells

What is the function of ribosomes

It makes protiens by joining amino acid

What do mitochondria do

Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy (ATP) and it found only in plants and animals

What is the role of the vacuole

In plant cells: it is large, permanenet, stores cell sap, maintains turgor pressure. In animal cells: small and temporary. Bacteria has none

What is circular DNA in bacteria

a single, circular loop of DNA that controls bacterial activities and replication`

What are plasmids?

small rings of extra DNA in bacteria carrying useful genes like antibiotic resistance

How are new cells produced

By division of existing cells - through mitosis (growth/repair) or meiosis(gametes)

What is the function of ciliated hair

Found in trachea and bronchi; cilia move mucus and trap dust out of the airways

What is the function of root hair cells

absorb water and minerals from soil; long, thin extension increase surface area

What do palisade mesophyll cells do?

carries out photosynthesis; contains many chloroplasts and has a tall shape to absorb light

What is the role of neurons

conduct electrical impulses around the body; have a long axon and branched ends

What is the function of red blood cells

transport oxygen using haemoglobin; no nucleus and biconcave shape for large surface area

What are sperm and egg cells specialised for

Reproduction. Sperm: tail for movement, mitochondria for energy. Egg: Large, nutrient-rich cytoplasm for embryo support

What is a cell

The basic structural and functional unit of life e.g. red blooc cells, root hair cells

What is a tissue

A group of similar cells working together for a specific function e.g. muscle tissue, xylem

What is an organ

made of different tissues performing a specific function e.g. heart, leaf and stomach

What is an organ system

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function e.g digestive or circulatory system

What is an organism?

A complete living thing made up of organ systems working together e.g. human or plant

What is the formula for image size

actual size x magnification

What is the relationship between mm and micrometres

1mm= 1000 micrometers, 1 micrometer = 0.001mm