Cell - The Unit of Life

Flashcards related to Cell: The Unit of Life topics.

Live cell (Discovery)

First seen and described by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Cell Wall (Plant Cells)

The presence of a cell wall is a unique characteristic of plant cells.

Rudolf Virchow's Contribution

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Non-Membrane Bound Organelle

Centriole.

Nerve Cell Shape

Branched and long.

PPLO Incorrect Statement

Their chromosomes are bound in nuclear membrane.

Cell Wall Absence

Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall.

Antibiotic Resistance (Bacteria)

Plasmid DNA confers resistance to antibiotics.

Polysomes Location

Found in prokaryotic cells.

Plasma Membrane Lipid Component

Nonpolar tail and polar head.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Given by Singer and Nicolson for the plasma membrane.

Endomembrane System

Includes endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, vacuoles.

Acrocentric Chromosome

Centromere situated very close to one of its ends.

Golgi Apparatus Incorrect Statement

Its cis and trans faces are interconnected.

Elaioplast Function

Stores oils and fats.

Aleuroplast Function

Stores proteins.

Amyloplast Function

Stores starch.

Chromoplast Function

Contains carotenoid.

Cytoskeleton Incorrect Match

Filamentous polysaccharide (should be filamentous proteins).

Middle Lamella Composition

Mainly made up of calcium pectate.

Cell Envelope Prevention

Cell wall prevents bacterium from bursting or collapsing.

Dictyosomes

Plant cells have golgi apparatus that is made up of unconnected units.

Fluid Mosaic Model Feature

Removal of tunnel proteins requires crude methods.

Endomembrane System Exclusion

Centrioles.

70S Ribosome Larger Subunit

50S.

Mitochondria and Chloroplast Difference

Converting light energy into chemical energy (chloroplasts only).

Elaioplast Function

Store fats and oils.

Aleuroplast Function

Store proteins.

Chromoplast Pigments

Carotenoid pigments.

Leucoplast

Colourless plastids.

Eukaryotic Cell Mismatch

Facilitated diffusion : Requires ATP

Nucleoid

Equivalent to a single chromosome.

Gas Vacuoles

May be found in prokaryotes.

Incorrect Statement

Cell wall is found in both animal as well as plant cells

Smallest Cell Organelle

Ribosomes

Mitochondria Features

Matrix, Oxysomes, Oxidative phosphorylation.

Contractile Vacuole Function

Excretion.

Double Membrane

Mitochondria, Chloroplast.

Single Membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, Lysosomes, Vacuole.

Carotenoids Solubility

Fat soluble pigments.

Carotenoids Solubility

Acetone soluble pigments.

Carbohydrate and Protein Synthesis (Chloroplast)

Stroma.

Plant Cell Absence

Centrioles

Chromatophores Location

Cyanobacteria.

Chromatophores Contain

Contain pigments.

Ribosomes Composition

RNA and proteins.

Cytoskeleton (Incorrect Statement)

Occurs in prokaryotic cells only

Cilia and Flagella

Their core is called axoneme.

Cilia and Flagella

Both arise from basal bodies.

Cilia and Flagella

The pair of central tubules are connected to each other by a bridge.

Centriole Forms

Basal bodies and Spindle fibres

Centrioles in Centrosome

Lie perpendicular to each other.

Centrioles in Centrosome

Are Surrounded by kinoplasm.

Nucleus Discovery

First described by Robert Brown.

Nucleoplasm Contains

Nucleolus and chromatin.

Nucleoplasm Contains

Nucleolus, chromatin

Nucleoplasm Contains

Nucleolus, chromatin

Active Synthesis (Nucleoli)

Protein.

Cell Theory Modification

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Plasma Membrane model

Fluid Mosaic Model.

Plasma Membrane Functions

Provides a barrier

Golgi Apparatus

Important in modification.

Lysosome Function

Digestion

Cell Shape Diversity

Related to function.

Mycoplasma Characteristics

Lack a cell wall.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Proteins and lipids.

Cell communication

Plasmodesma

Prokaryotic cell

No membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cell

Nucleus is present.

Vacuole Function

Storage

Chloroplast Function

Photosynthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transport

Bacterial cell wall

Peptidoglycan

Semi-autonomous organelles

Mitochondria and chloroplast.

Mitochondria function

ATP Production

Gram positive bacteria

Thick peptidoglycan layer

Gram negative bacteria

Thin peptidoglycan layer

Capsule

Protection

Fimbriae

Attachment to surfaces

Cell size

Varies greatly

Mesosome

Increase the surface area

Basal bodies

Structure for cilia and flagella attachment

Spindle fibers

Chromosome separation during cell division

Nuclear membrane

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Ribosome

Protein synthesis

Cell

Basic unit of life

Fluidity

Movement of lipids and proteins within the membrane

Selectively Permeable

Plasma membrane characteristics

Cell differentiation

Cells specialising in function

Cell Wall composition

Cellulose

Amyloplast

Stores starch

Contractile vacuole

Osmoregulation

Tonoplast

Vacuole membrane

Nuclear pore

Allows movement in and out of the nucleus

Chromatin

DNA and proteins

Semi-fluid matrix

Cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of tubules in the cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus

Packaging of proteins

Lysosomes

Cellular waste disposal

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell