Sociology, Anthropology, History, and Psychology Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering core theories, research methods, key figures, and career pathways in Sociology, Anthropology, History, and Psychology based on the lecture material.

Sociology

The study of society, social structures, and institutions, examining how individuals interact within groups, how institutions function, and how societies change over time.

Structural-Functionalism

A sociological theory associated with Émile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons that views society as a system of interconnected parts working together to maintain stability.

Conflict Theory

A sociological theory associated with Karl Marx and C. Wright Mills that analyzes power struggles, class conflicts, and inequality.

Symbolic Interactionism

A sociological theory associated with George Herbert Mead and Erving Goffman that focuses on how individuals give meaning to social interactions.

Feminist Theory

A sociological theory associated with bell hooks and Judith Butler that examines gender roles, patriarchy, and power relations in society.

Postmodernism

A sociological theory associated with Michel Foucault and Jean Baudrillard that challenges universal truths and emphasizes the fluidity of social identities.

Decolonial Theories in Sociology

Theories examining how colonial legacies continue to shape social structures, race, class, and power dynamics, associated with Frantz Fanon and Boaventura de Sousa Santos.

Grounded Theory

A research method used to develop new theories based on data collected from real-life situations through interviews, observations, or surveys without starting with a fixed idea.

Phenomenology

A research approach that focuses on understanding people's personal experiences and how they perceive the world around them through in-depth interviews.

Anthropology

The study of human cultures, evolution, and diversity across time and space, focusing on cultural, biological, linguistic, and archaeological perspectives.

Cultural Relativism

An anthropological theory associated with Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict arguing that cultures should be understood based on their own values, not judged by outside standards.

Structuralism

An anthropological theory associated with Claude Lévi-Strauss that examines deep structures in human thought, language, and culture.

Symbolic Anthropology

An anthropological perspective associated with Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner that explores how symbols shape cultural meanings.

Evolutionary Anthropology

An anthropological perspective associated with Charles Darwin and E.O. Wilson that studies human biological and cultural evolution.

Decolonial Theories in Anthropology

Theories focusing on cultural imperialism, indigenous knowledge, and how colonial structures shaped societies, associated with Aníbal Quijano and Linda Tuhiwai Smith.

Corporate Anthropologist

A career pathway in anthropology that applies cultural knowledge to business, marketing, and user experience research.

Historical Materialism

A global historical theory by Karl Marx arguing that economic conditions and class struggles are the primary drivers of historical change.

Great Man Theory

A global historical theory by Thomas Carlyle suggesting that exceptional individuals shape the course of history through their decisions and actions.

Cyclical Theory of History

A historical theory associated with Ibn Khaldun and Arnold Toynbee stating that history follows a repeating cycle where civilizations rise, grow, decline, and fall.

Pantayong Pananaw

The 'We' Perspective introduced by Dr. Zeus Salazar that encourages viewing Filipino history from an internal Filipino perspective, focusing on Filipino experiences and values.

History from Below

Also known as Kasaysayang Bayan, a theory advanced by Reynaldo Ileto and Milagros Guerrero focusing on the experiences of ordinary people and marginalized groups.

Indigenization of History

Also known as Pag-aangkop ng Kasaysayan, an approach key-proponed by Dr. Propsero Covar that roots historical study in indigenous Filipino values, traditions, and worldviews.

Historiography

The study of how history is written and how different historians interpret the past, examining methods, perspectives, and biases.

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes, exploring how people think, feel, and act to describe, explain, predict, and influence human behavior.

Kapwa

A Filipino indigenous psychological concept representing shared identity, emphasizing community interconnectedness and relationships.

Loob

A Filipino indigenous psychological concept representing the inner self, reflecting personal values, feelings, and moral intentions.

Hiya

A Filipino indigenous psychological concept representing a sense of propriety that guides behavior to maintain social harmony and respect.

Utang na Loob

A Filipino indigenous psychological concept representing a debt of gratitude and a strong sense of interpersonal obligation based on reciprocity.

Pakikipagkapwa

An indigenous research approach in the Filipino context centered on participatory engagement and building genuine connections with participants.

Pakikiramdam

An indigenous research approach in the Filipino context defined as shared inner perception and sensitivity to non-verbal cues and social dynamics.

Pagdadalaw-dalaw

An indigenous research approach in the Filipino context involving field immersion in communities for deeper cultural understanding.