plant diseases and defences

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9 Terms

1
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What types of organisms can cause plant diseases?

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists can infect plants and reduce their ability to grow.

2
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What is a deficiency disease in plants?

A deficiency disease occurs when a plant lacks essential nutrients, which can lead to poor growth and symptoms such as yellowing leaves.

3
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What is a plant disease caused by a pathogen?

A disease caused by a pathogen is one where viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protists infect the plant, reducing its ability to grow. Examples include Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Rose Black Spot.

4
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What is an infestation with pests in plants?

Infestation with pests refers to damage caused by insects such as aphids, which suck sap from the phloem and deprive the plant of nutrients.

5
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What are signs of plant disease

-stunted growth

-spots on leaves

-patches of decay

-abnormal growths

-malformed leaves or stems

-discolouration

6
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How can plant diseases be detected?

  • By looking up symptoms in a gardening manual or online

  • By taking the plant to a laboratory for analysis

  • By using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies

7
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What are the physical defence systems of plants?

  • Cellulose cell walls-these form a physical barrier against pathogens that make it past the waxy cuticle

  • Tough waxy cuticle on leaves-which provides a barrier to stop pathogens entering

  • Layers of dead cells around stems (e.g. bark)-actors a barrier to stop pathogens entering

  • Leaf fall to remove infected leaves

8
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What are the chemical defence systems of plants?

  • Some can produce Antibacterial chemicals (e.g. mint, witch hazel)which kill bacteria

  • Other plants produec Poisons to deter herbivores (e.g. tobacco, foxglove)

9
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What are the mechanical defence systems of plants?

  • Thorns and hairs to stop animals from eating them-do you stop animals from touching and eating them

  • Leaves that curl or move when touched to dislodge insects-they can prevent themselves from being eaten by knocking insects off of themselves and moving away from things

  • Drooping leaves to appear dead