3.8 Plant Reproduction

Flashcards covering key topics in plant reproduction, including structures, terms, and processes related to angiosperms and gymnosperms.

What type of seeds do gymnosperms produce?

Naked seeds that are not covered.

How do angiosperms reproduce?

They undergo double fertilization and produce flowers and fruits.

What are the male reproductive structures in a flower called?

Androecium.

What is the outermost whorl of a flower composed of?

Calyx, made up of sepals.

What distinguishes a complete flower from an incomplete flower?

A complete flower has all four whorls present.

In plant reproduction, what is self-pollination?

Pollination occurring within the same flower due to mature male and female parts.

What are the three parts of the embryo in a seed?

Cotyledons, radical, and hypocotyl.

What is double fertilization in angiosperms?

The fertilization of the egg cell and the central cell, leading to an embryo and endosperm.

What is the primary purpose of fruit?

To aid in the dispersal of seeds.

How do achenes differ from other types of fruits?

Achenes do not split open at maturity and are often mistaken for seeds.

What are aggregate fruits?

Fruits that form from a single flower with multiple carpels.

Define a simple fruit

A fruit that develops from a single ovary of a single flower.

What is an accessory fruit?

Fruit that develops from parts of the flower other than the ovary.

What is the difference between monocarpic and polycarpic plants?

Monocarpic plants flower once and die, while polycarpic plants flower multiple times throughout their life.

What is the term for the process of aging in plants?

Senescence.

What do the terms annual, biennial, and perennial refer to?

Descriptions of plant lifespans: annuals live one season, biennials live two, and perennials live multiple seasons.