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How was trade up to Salutary Neglect? What acts were passed and what was described in them?
The US, essentially, was getting a free pass to trade.
Some of the acts were:
Navigation Acts of 1660 - Ships must sail under a British Flag, and Enumerated Goods had to be shipped to England.
Staple Act of 1663 - If it comes from Africa or Europe, it goes through Europe to be taxed first.
Plantation Act of 1673 - If the ships captains didn’t deliver enumerated goods to Britain first, they would face penalties.
What are enumerated goods?
Products Britain restricted to being exported from the British colonies to specific destinations
Describe Salutary Neglect. How did it start? How long did it last?
Since Charles II and James II were making money off their trade, they didn’t really care about the enforcement of tax and navigation acts on the colonists.
Since money was made through mercantilism off the colonies, prime minister Walpole created a system of Salutary Neglect.
It lasted from 1692 - 1750.
How did Salutary Neglect end? Why do the colonists care that it ended?
It ends after the seven years war due to England needing money.
Britain began to create obscure taxes on the colonies, which ate into the profits. The taxes made the colonists feel like they weren’t equal citizens.
What did the new taxes make the colonists feel like?
They felt like it was infringing on their liberty, and enlightenment ideas about the idea of liberty began to spread throughout the country.
Did brotherhood between people extend to those outside of white men?
Nope.
Who was John Locke? What ideas did he have?
Locke was a physician and political theorist.
He argued for rationalism and created the main ideas of American political philosophy, that being life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
What were the Cato Letters? How many were there? What was their importance to Americans?
A Pseudonym for newspaper writers Tretchland and Gordon.
There were about 144 letters written between 1720 and 1723
They gave Americans ideas about liberty, the importance of property, and the importance of free speech.
What was something in the English Bill of Rights that related to free speech?
You can petition the king, and being unable to do so in illegal.
What was the Sugar Act of 1764?
Taxation on luxury items, like wine.
What was the Stamp Act of 1765? Name some examples. Were leaders against this tax?
taxation on any legal piece of paper.
Deeds, marriage licenses, newspapers
Yes, since they saw it as a hassle for the legal systems - too expensive.
Who were the Sons of Liberty? What did they do?
A group of people who sought to terrorize the British gov. to stop unjustly taxing the colonies.
They held public spectacles. These include holding funerals for liberty, tar and feathering stamp collectors, and destroying statues of the king.
What was the Gatsby Incident? What sentiment was held by colonists?
A British Patrol Boat for taxation was ran aground. When a reward for info was posted, no one volunteered.
A sentiment of Rebellion began to be held.
What was the Tea Act of 1773? What did the Sons of Liberty do in response? How did the British respond to the Sons?
Meant to act as an economic boom for the struggling British East India Company, it taxed imports into the colonies.
They dressed up as Indians and raided a ship in the Boston Harbor, dumping all the tea into the ocean - the Boston Tea Party
The British passes the Coercive Acts of 1774
What were the Coercive Acts of 1774? How did the Colonists respond?
They essentially were acts that were meant to kill Boston. The ports were closed, British soldiers could no longer be tried in America, rural governors had more power, people had to house soldiers out of their pocket, and more soldiers were sent to Boston.
The colonies were worried about their safety, so they founded a committee of safety, and called a meeting for the First Continental Congress.
What was the First Continental Congress? Where was it? How did it operate? What did they decide to do at the end?
It was a meeting between representatives from the colonies (bar Georgia) to create a response to George III over the Coercive Acts and to protect themselves.
It was in Philadelphia, 1774.
While some reps. called for revolution, they settled on diplomatic appeal. They wanted their relationship to be like it was 7 years ago - salutary neglect, no coercive acts. They also called for the arming of colonists and economic sanctions on British trade.
They decided if the two requirements weren’t met, they would meet again.
How did George III respond to the demands?
Very lackingly, so the Continental Congress decided to meet again.
What were the Committees of Correspondence?
Formed in 1773, they were formed by the colonies for communication to coordinate the arming of militias, buying weapons, etc.
What was the consensus on the political climate right before the revolution started between the colonists?
They were heavily divided - a quarter wanted to revolt, a quarter wanted to remain loyal, and most were in the middle. Debates about what side they should stick to ran in newspapers.
