Unit 5-6 Vocab

Abolitionism

The movement to end slavery.

Adam Smith

Laid the foundations for free market capitalism.

Bourgeoisie

The upper middle class who own the production processes.

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising in China against foreign influence and religion.

Capitalism

An economic system where private ownership and free markets are emphasized.

Laissez Faire

The belief in private ownership with no government interference.

Communism

The belief in a classless society and collective ownership.

Cult of Domesticity

A 19th century belief that women belonged in the household for family and nurturing.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

The French revolution’s declaration that declared all men equal.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement advocating reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

First Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrialization in the early 19th century marked by steam ships and factories.

Haitian Revolution

A revolutionary movement in Haiti that created the first slave state.

Karl Marx

German philosopher who advocated for a classless society and the overthrow of capitalism.

Labor Unions

Organizations created to improve workers' rights and ensure better conditions.

Latin American Revolutions

A series of revolutions aimed at overthrowing Spanish and Portuguese rule.

Letter of Jamaica

A letter written by Simon Bolivar outlining his view on Latin American independence.

Liberalism

A philosophy advocating for individual government rights.

Limited-Liability Corporation

A corporation that protects owners from personal liability for the corporation's debts.

Maori Nationalism

A movement advocating for the rights and autonomy of indigenous people in New Zealand.

Mary Wollstonecraft’s “Vindication of the Rights of Women”

A publication that advocated for Women’s rights.

Meiji Restoration

A transformation in Japan to westernize and build industries.

Muhammad Ali

The ruler of Egypt credited with modernizing and industrializing Egypt.

Nationalism

Feelings of deep loyalty to one’s country and desire for self-autonomy.

Olympe de Gouges “Declaration of the Rights of Women & Female Citizen”

A work advocating for the rights of women in response to the Declaration of Rights of Man.

Propaganda Movement

A movement in the Philippines aimed at reforming Spanish rule through activism.

Second Industrial Revolution

The second phase of industrialization marked by innovations in steel and electricity.

Self-Strengthening Movement

A movement in Qing China to industrialize to combat western influence.

Simon Bolivar

Leader of the Latin American revolutions against Spain.

Socialism

The belief that government should own the production process.

Specialization of Labor

Dividing work into specific tasks, common in industrial workplaces.

Stock Market

A system for buying and selling shares of a company.

Taiping Rebellion

A civil war in China led by Hong Xiuquan, based on religious beliefs.

Tanzimat

Reforms aimed at modernizing and industrializing Egypt.

Transnational Business

Companies operating across multiple countries.

Urbanization

The rapid expansion of urban centers due to population movement.

Cherokee Nation

A nation of Indian Americans forcibly relocated during the Trail of Tears.

Chinese Exclusion Act

An act that restricted Chinese Immigration in the U.S. due to xenophobia.

Civilizing Missions

Principles to 'civilize' non-European countries, justifying imperialism.

Economic Imperialism

Control of another country's economy by foreign businesses.

Ghost Dance

A Native dance aimed at restoring indigenous lands.

1857 Indian Rebellion (Sepoy Mutiny)

An uprising against British rule in India sparked by soldier grievances.

Imperialism

Political, economic, or military control of another country by a foreign power.

King Leopold II

Belgian king known for human rights abuses in the Congo.

Mahdist War

A revolt in Sudan against Egyptian and British rule led by Muhammad Ahmad.

Opium Wars

A conflict between China and Britain over opium trade.

Scramble for Africa

Rapid colonization of Africa by western powers.

Settler Colonies

Territories settled by civilians from the colonizing country.

Social Darwinism

The belief in the superiority of certain human groups to justify imperialism.

Sokoto Caliphate

An Islamic kingdom in West Africa formed by Usman dan Fodio's jihad.

Tupac Amaru II’s Peruvian Rebellion

An indigenous revolt in Peru against Spanish rule.

United Fruit Company

A U.S. company that exerted control over Latin American economies.

White Australia Policy

Laws aimed at restricting non-European immigration to maintain racial homogeneity.

White Man’s Burden

A concept justifying imperialism on moral grounds, articulated by Rudyard Kipling.

Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement

A movement where Xhosa people slaughtered cattle to resist British control.

Yaa Asantewaa War

A war led by Queen Yaa Asantewaa against British rule in Ghana.

Zulu Kingdom

A powerful South African kingdom known for its military strength.