Passive Care - Exam 2 (Review Questions)

Sound energy from an US machine is produced by

Indirect (reverse) piezoelectric effect

US waves are ____ to the human ear

inaudible

What BNR is acceptable

5:1

What will cause a greater depth of penetration

decreased frequency

What is an acceptable US coupling medium

water in a plastic bucket

What is responsible for the non-thermal effect of US

acoustical streaming

What is the term for using US to drive drugs or compounds across the pt’s skin and surrounding tissues

Sonophoresis/Phonophoresis

What is the best protocol for a pt with chronic lumbar muscle spasm using US

Continuous US, 1 MHz, 8 min

What is the best protocol for a pt with 6wks of epicondylitis pain

Combo = pre-med, 0-15Hz + US continuous, 3.3MHz

What is the MC type of diathermy generator

short wave

What are the two types of electrodes used in short wave diathermy

inductance (magnetic field)

capacitance (electrical field)

Which law states that intensity diminished w/distance

inverse square law

When an excited electron gives up energy it moves to a lower orbit, this is called

spontaneous emission

What is the term for the structure light energy in cells

chromophore

What is the exact structure in human tissue that can absorb light photons to trigger biochemical reactions

cytochromes

What is the most appropriate safety protocol for laser therapy

pt and therapist should wear safety glasses

What is a contraindicated area for laser therapy

thyroid gland

Which type of UV light may have an antimicrobial effect

UVC

How is UV dose determined

Fitzpatrick’s skin phototype or Minimum skin erythema dose

What method of heat transfer is used is paraffin

conduction

What is an example of heat transfer by convection

whirlpool

How many layers of towels are btw a hydrocollator pack and the pt

6-8

What is the appropriate temp for a paraffin bath

124-133 deg F

Regarding whirlpools, what is the correct relationship

the GREATER the surface area, the LOWER the water temperature (colder)

What pt is safe to treat with ice packs

neck of pt with diabetes

What is the correct treatment time for an ice massage

5 minutes

What is the desired physiological effect of cryotherapy

vasoconstriction

What modalities could be used for acute pain

IF (true, premod) = 80-150

Sensory TENS = 80-150

Low level Laser = high dose to inhibit

Cryotherapy = ice pack, whirlpool, etc.

What modalities could be used for chronic pain

IF (true, premod) = 1-15

Motor TENS = 1-15

Low level Laser = high dose to inhibit

Cryotherapy = ice pack, whirlpool, etc.

Thermotherapy = US, diathermy, paraffin

What modalities could be used for muscle spasm

NMES (russian, biphasic) = 10:10

Thermotherapy = US, diathermy, paraffin

Cryotherapy = ice pack, whirlpool, etc.

What modalities could be used for edema

Cryotherapy = ice pack, whirlpool, etc.

Hi-volt = negative polarity

Cold laser = high dose to inhibit

What modalities could be used for acute healing

Cold laser = low dose to stimulate

Hi-volt or microcurrent = positive polarity

Ultrasound = pulsed (50%)

What modalities could be used for chronic healing

Cold laser = low dose to stimulate

Hi-volt or microcurrent = negative polarity

Thermotherapy = US, diathermy, paraffin