Abeka Health Chapter 6

pathogens

disease-causing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi

leukocytes

the most important components of the immune system; white blood cells

inflammation

the condition in which capillaries become larger to allow more blood to reach an affected area, causing tissue to become red, swollen, and tender

lymphatic system

the body system that helps transport leukocytes throughout the body and aids them in cleansing the body of pathogens

lymph

tissue fluid once it has entered the lymph capillaries

antibodies

some of the most important weapons that the immune system uses to fight pathogens are these Y-shaped protein molecules

lymph nodes

small, bean-shaped organs through which lymph flows

patho-

means "disease"

-gen

refers to something that produces

leuk- or leuko-

means "white"

-cytes

means "cells"

lymph- or lympho-

means "water"

-itis

means "inflammation"

spleen

the body's largest lymph organ

skin

the organ that serves as a shield to protect the body from invading pathogens

adenoids and tonsils

special accumulations of lymphatic tissue in the throat which help defend against infection

immunological diseases

caused by malfunctions of the immune system (it attacks the body)

allergy

the most common form of immunological disease

-oma

refers to tumer

paraplegic

a person who has lost the use of both legs

cardiovascular diseases

leading cause of death in the United States

hypertension

high blood pressure

cardiac arrest

a condition in which the heart stops beating

benign

a tumor that shows no tendency to spread throughout the body

oncologist

a doctor who treats cancer

cardiologist

a doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system

endocrinologist

a doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the endocrine system

hepatitis

an inflammation of the liver

anemia

any condition in which a shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin exists in the blood

dental caries

the most common infectious disease in man

hemophilia

a hereditary disease in which a person's blood does not clot or clots very slowly

arthritis

the condition in which joints become inflamed, making movements painful

mononucleosis

a relatively common disease that affects the immune system, especially of children and young adults

bursitis

the condition when a bursa becomes inflamed

periodontitis

a disease in which the gums detach from the teeth, and the bones supporting the teeth are destroyed

family practitioner

a doctor who provides primary care for people of all ages

dys-

means "bad"

hepat- or hepato-

means "liver"

neurologist

treats diseases and disorders of the nervous system

cephal

refers to the head

nephrologist

treats kidney disease

urologist

treats diseases and disorders of the urinary system

viruses

the pathogens that probably cause the most cases of infectious diseases

bacteria

the widespread, single-celled organisms that cause many infectious diseases

anaerobic

bacteria which live in the absence of oxygen

vector

an animal that transmits infection

acquired immunity

immunity that results from circulating antibodies or memory cells in the bloodstream

congenital

diseases that occur during development in the womb and are present at birth

virus

a tiny capsule of genetic information that can reprogram a living cell to produce new particles instead of the cell's normal products

immunity

a condition of resistance o a particular disease or pathogen

vaccine

a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop and acquired immunity

antibiotics

substances produced by bacteria, molds, and other organisms that stop the growth of bacteria

patho-, -osis

means "disease"

dys-

means "bad"

-iasis

means "diseased condition"

scler- or sclera-

means "hard"

acute

a disease that is severe but lasts only a short time or occurs suddenly

noninfectious diseases

results from aging, malnutrition, a genetic problem, or a malfunctioning organ; i.e. diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, heart disease

noncommunicable diseases

infectious diseases that cannot be spread from person to person

infectious diseases

caused by invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi; i.e. common cold, leprosy, tetanus, and pink eye