Physical Therapy Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering vision, mission, values, axial skeleton kinematics, and temporomandibular joint.

Vision of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, October University

An outstanding higher education institute and a catalyst for research and community development, recognized nationally and internationally.

Mission of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, October University

Offers an educational program adopting modern curricula and scientific research, delivering student-centered teaching, and graduating physiotherapists with skills and competencies to compete in the labor market.

Core Values

Student Centred, Accountability, Credibility, Institutional Loyalty, Inclusiveness, Entrepreneurial Spirit, Commitment to Quality

How many vertebrae are there typically in the vertebral column?

The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebra.

What are the segments of the vertebral column?

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal segments.

Give examples of alphanumeric vertebral abbreviations

C2, T6, L1

Describe the natural curvatures (lordosis and kyphosis) within the sagittal plane of the vertebral column.

Cervical and lumbar regions are naturally convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, called lordosis. Thoracic and sacrococcygeal regions are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly, called kyphosis.

What is the orientation of the facet joint in the middle and lower cervical spine (C2-C3 to C7-T1)?

45 degrees from the frontal plane.

What is the orientation of the facet joint in the thoracic spine?

15 degrees from the frontal plane.

What is the orientation of the facet joint in the lumbar spine?

25 degrees from the sagittal plane.

What are the three functional components of a typical intervertebral junction?

Interbody joint, apophyseal joints (facet), transverse and spinous processes.

What is the primary function of the interbody joint?

Absorb and distribute loads across the vertebral column.

What is the primary function of the apophyseal joints (facet)?

Guiding intervertebral motion.

What is the function of the transverse and spinous processes?

Increase the mechanical leverage (moment arm) of muscles and ligaments.

What are the components of intervertebral discs?

Nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosis, vertebral end plate.

How does extension of the vertebral column affect the cervical and lumbar lordosis and the thoracic kyphosis?

Extension: accentuates cervical and lumbar lordosis; reduces thoracic kyphosis.

What does the lower pressure combined with the hydrophilic nature of the nucleus pulposus do to the disc during bed rest?

Attracts water into the disc.

What does the natural cycle of swelling and contraction of the disc produce?

Produces on average a 1% diurnal variation in overall body height.

Osteokinematics of the neck

Flexion & extension the craniocervical region extends approximately an additional 75 degrees and flexes 45 degrees

Osteokinematics of the neck - range of motion

Rotation is about 75 degrees to each side, but this varies considerably with age.

Describe the arthrokinematics of the facet joint.

Plane synovial joint, permits gliding movements.

arthrokinematics of the facet joint

Flexion: bilateral upward glide, extension: vice versa, Side bending: one up & one down, Rotation: one approximate & up the other gap & down

What is the largest contributor to the rotation ROM in the cervical spine?

Atlantoaxial JT (No joint)

What is the largest contributor to flexion ROM in the cervical spine?

Atlantooccipital JT (yes joint)

Arthrokinematics of the Atlanto-Occipital Joint

Convex occipital condyles roll backward in extension and forward in flexion within the concave superior articular facets of the atlas.

What is the primary motion at the Atlanto-Axial Joint?

The primary motion is axial rotation.

When an adult is standing, what degree does the thoracic region typically exhibit of natural kyphosis

About 40 degrees

Thoracic osteokinematics - amount of flexion and extension

About 40 degrees of flexion and 20 degrees of extension

What is the range of motion to the thoracic region in horizontal plane (axial) rotation

About 30 degrees

range of motion in the thoracic region in lateral flexion?

About 30 degrees

what amount do lumbar spine typically exhibits of lordosis (extension) in standing

About 50 degrees

Lumbar osteokinematics - amount of flexion and extension

About 50 degrees of flexion and 20 degrees of extension

Lumbar osteokinematics - axial rotation range of motion

About 6 degrees

amount of lateral flexion occur to each side in Lumbar osteokinematics

About 20 degrees

During trunk flexion from a standing position involving Lumbopelvic Rhythm, how many degrees of lumbar flexion and hip(pelvic-on femoral flexion

45 degrees of lumbar flexion and 60 degrees of hip (pelvic-on-femoral) flexion

Lumbopelvic Rhythm during Trunk Flexion

Lumbar flexion occurs slightly more during the first 25% of the bend, while hip flexion occurs slightly more during the last 25% of the bend.

What dominates in the early phase of Trunk Extension from a Forward Bent Position

The early phase is dominated by greater hip extension and associated activation of the hip extensor muscles.

Effect of Pelvic Tilting on the Kinematics of the Lumbar Spine

Anterior pelvic tilt increases lumbar lordosis (extension) and Posterior pelvic tilt reduces lumbar lordosis (flexion of the lumbar)

Coupling mechanism types and definitions

Type 1: Rotation & side bending to the opposite direction (upper cervical & lumbar in neutral), Type 2: rotation & side bending to the same direction (cervical spine (C2-C7), upper thoracic & lumbar in flexion)

Define Nutation at the Sacroiliac Joint

To nod forward; relative anterior tilt of the base (top) of the sacrum relative to the ilium.

Define Counternutation at the Sacroiliac Joint

Reverse motion; relative posterior tilt of the base of the sacrum relative to the ilium.

Nutation and counternutation occurs during trunk flexion as

In the first 45° of forward trunk flexion, the sacral base moves forward (nutates).

Nutation and counternutation near 60° during forward trunk flexion

Near 60° (normally), the sacral base begins to counternutate

During Flexion and Nutation

The two PSIS should move toward each other, or approximate. The anterior superior sacroiliac spine (asis) tends to flare out.

What are the components of temporomandibular joint structure?

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, Mandibular condyle, Articular disc

Osteokinematics involves which set of action

Depression, Elevation, Protrusion, Retrusion, Lateral excursions/deviation

Functional motion in functional medicine - what does depression look like

2 knuckles placed between the upper and lower incisors

Mandibular Protrusion and Retrusion is considered adequate when

Protrusion is considered adequate when the upper and lower front incisal edges touch

describe Mandibular Depression and Elevation in early phase

The early phase, constituting the first 35% to 50% of the range of motion, involves primarily the condyle rolling posteriorly within the concave inferior surface of the disc.

Mandibular movement during Protrusion and Retrusion

During protrusion and retrusion the mandibular condyle and disc translate anteriorly and posteriorly, respectively, relative to the fossa

Mandibular movement during Lateral Excursion

The ipsilateral mandibular condyle spins around a vertical axis within the mandibular fossa