engrish

1. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England

2. Where did industrialization spread?

Western Europe

3. Why did industrialization begin in England?

Abundant resources, available capital, and development of entrepreneurship

4. Which industries were MOST affected by industrialization?

Cotton, textile, iron, and steel

5. What did the British Enclosure Movement do?

Increased agricultural production by converting public land into private land

6. The factory system led to the demise (end) of what type of industry?

Cottage industries

7. What is a spinny jenny and who invented it?

A more automated, faster way to create yarn; created by James Hargreaves

8. What is a steam engine and who invented it?

A steam powered engine that uses steam rather than heat; created by James Watt

9. What is a cotton gin and who invented it?

A machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from seeds; created by Eli Whitney

10. What is steel and who invented the process for making it?

A strong, iron alloy used for railroads and skyscrapers; process created by Henry Bessemer

11. Who developed the smallpox vaccine?

Edward Jenner

12. Who discovered bacteria and created a process to make products like milk safer to consume?

Louis Pasteur

13.What are the EIGHT impacts of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries?

Increased population, increased standards of living for most, improved transportation, increased education, urbanization, environmental pollution, dissatisfaction of the working class with working conditions, and growth of the middle class

14.What's an example of cottage industry?

Small, family businesses

15.After industrialization, what other groups were competing for jobs besides men?

Women and Children

16.Why was child labor used in the factory system?

It was cheap to hire them

17.What were the FOUR social effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor, introductions of reforms to end child labor, expansion of education, women's increased demands for suffarage

18.What invention led to an increased demand for cotton in America?

The cotton gin

19.How did the increased demand for cotton affect slave labor in America?

It led to an increased demand for slave labor.

20.What are labor unions and how do they work?

A group of workers who work together in order to fight for equal wages and improved lives i.e Writers Union

21.What were some of the goals of labor unions during the industrial era?

Increased wages and improved working conditions, laws to improve the lives of workings (including women and children), wanted workers rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

22.What book did Adam Smith write and what economic system did he write about?

"The Wealth of Nations," he wrote about capitalism

23.What is one good thing that capitalism led to?

Growth of entrepreneurial abilities

24.What is one bad thing that capitalism led to?

Poor working conditions and unequal wealth distribution

25.What two books did Karl Marx write and what economic system did he write about?

"The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," he wrote about communism

26.What was the most important goal of communists?

Redistribution of wealth

27.Name THREE legacies of Napoleon.

Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French control, implementation of Napoleonic Code which is still the legal system of France today, awakening of feelings of national pride and the growth of nationalism

28.Name FOUR legacies of the Congress of Vienna.

"Balance of power" doctrine to prevent global superpowers, restoration of monarchies across Europe, new political maps of Europe and philosophies including liberalism and conservatism

28.Who unified northern Italy?

Count Cavour

29.Who joined southern Italy to northern Italy?

Giuseppe Garibaldi

30.Who led efforts to unify Germany?

Otto von Bismark