Chapter 4: Covalent Bonding Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing covalent bonding concepts.

How is a covalent bond formed?

By the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas.

What does a Fluorine (F) atom need to do to achieve stability?

Gain 1 more electron to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas.

In hydrogen fluoride (HF), what is the valence electron count for Hydrogen?

1

In hydrogen fluoride (HF), what does a hydrogen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 1 electron.

In hydrogen fluoride (HF), what is the valence electron count for Fluorine?

7

In hydrogen fluoride (HF), what does a fluorine atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 1 electron.

In water (H2O), what is the valence electron count for Hydrogen?

1

In water (H2O), what does each hydrogen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 1 electron.

In water (H2O), what is the valence electron count for Oxygen?

6

In water (H2O), what does the oxygen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 2 electrons.

In methane (CH4), what is the valence electron count for Hydrogen?

1

In methane (CH4), what does each hydrogen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 1 electron.

In methane (CH4), what is the valence electron count for Carbon?

4

In methane (CH4), what does the carbon atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 4 electrons.

In ammonia (NH3), what is the valence electron count for Hydrogen?

1

In ammonia (NH3), what does each hydrogen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 1 electron.

In ammonia (NH3), what is the valence electron count for Nitrogen?

5

In ammonia (NH3), what does the nitrogen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 3 electrons.

In carbon dioxide (CO2), what is the valence electron count for Carbon?

4

In carbon dioxide (CO2), what does the carbon atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 4 electrons.

In carbon dioxide (CO2), what is the valence electron count for Oxygen?

6

In carbon dioxide (CO2), what does each oxygen atom do to achieve the electronic configuration of a noble gas?

Shares 2 electrons.

Electrical Conductivity of Covalent Compounds

Most covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in all states because there are no charged particles that are free to move.

Melting and Boiling Points of Simple Covalent Molecules

Most simple covalent molecules have low melting and boiling points because there are weak intermolecular forces of attraction between the simple covalent molecules, requiring little energy to overcome.

Solubility of Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds are usually insoluble in water but soluble in organic substances, with exceptions like sugar and hydrogen chloride.