Chemistry Final Study Guide

Name 3 ways a chemistry student should dress in lab

close-toed shoes, long sleeves, goggles, apron, no loose clothing, hair up

Name 3 pieces of safety equipment, their location and when it would be appropriate to use each

Fire blanket- Front of classroom, to put out fires. Emergency shower- back of classroom, chemical burns. Eyewash- next to sink and goggles cabinet, to wash eyes.

What is the density formula?

D= Mass

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Volume

What is water’s density?

Why is it important to know?

1g/ 1mL

You can convert between grams and mL easily.

How to find volume of a cube?

(side cubed) s³

How to find volume of an irregular shaped object?

Water displacement

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

What is the fourth state of matter?

Plasma

What defines matter?

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

What kind of mixture is this?

homogenous

What kind of mixture is this?

heterogenous

How do you know if a chemical reactions occured?

Changes on a molecular level. (Gives off smell, temperature change, changes color)

Solid to liquid?

Melting

Liquid to solid?

Freezing

Liquid to gas?

Vaporization

Gas to liquid?

Condensation

Solid to Gas?

Sublimation

Gas to solid

Deposition

what is Boyle’s law?

(Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional) P₁V₁=P₂V₂

what is Charles’ law?

(Volume and Temperature are proportional)

V₁ / T₁ = V₂/ T₂

what is Gay-Lussac’s law?

(Pressure and Temperature are proportional)

P₁ / T₁ = P₂/ T₂

What is STP?

1 ATM and 273.15K (aka 0 degrees)

1 mole gas = 22.4L

What is the first prefix for covalent bonds?

Mono

What is the 2nd prefix for covalent bonds?

di

What is the 3rd prefix for covalent bonds?

tri

What is the 4th prefix for covalent bonds?

Tetra

What is the 5th prefix for covalent bonds?

Penta

What is the 6th prefix for covalent bonds?

Hexa

What is the 7th prefix for covalent bonds?

Hepta

What is the 8th prefix for covalent bonds?

Oct

What is the 9th prefix for covalent bonds?

Non

What is the 10th prefix for covalent bonds?

Deca

What is the name for group 1 on the periodic table?

Alkali metals

What is the name for group 2 on the periodic table?

Alkaline Earth metals

What is the name for group 7 on the periodic table?

Halogens

What is the name for group 8 on the periodic table?

Noble gas

Properties of metals

Lose elections to non metals, form a cation, conduct energy, malleable, magnetic, shiny

Properties of nonmetals

Gain electrons from metals, form anions, provide insulation, brittle (can’t be bent)

The most electronegative element?

Fluorine, because It is the smallest element that isn’t a noble gas.(Holds electrons closest to itself than another other element)

How do ionic bonds occur

Between metal- nonmetal. Transfer of electrons between atoms. Bonded by electrostatic attraction.

How does a covalent bond form?

Between nonmetal-nonmetal. Electrons are shared between atoms.

Properties of ionic bonds

Dissociate into ions in contact with water, Make salts. No double and triple bonds.

Properties of covalent bonds

Can make single, double and triple bonds. Can be any state of matter.

When is hydrogen a metal? A nonmetal?

Metal: written first. Nonmetal: written second.

What orbital is colored yellow?

F orbital

What kind of chemical reaction is this?

single replacement

What kind of chemical reaction is this?

double replacement

What kind of reaction are these?

Combustion

What kind of reaction is this?

acid-base neutralization

What are some common acids and bases?

NaOH (sodium hydroxide) HCl (Hydrochloride)

Does an acid or base turn blue litmus paper red?

Acid

Does an acid or base turn red litmus paper blue?

Base

Do endothermic reactions release heat or absorb heat?

absorb heat

What is standard psi?

14.7

Do exothermic reactions release or absorb heat?

release heat