islamic civilizations history test

Ishmael

Father of the Arab people

Mohammed

Born in Mecca, he was six when he was orphaned and raised by his grandfather. Received a vision from Gabriel.

Mecca

Holy city, western Saudi Arabia

Medina

2nd holiest city, Saudi Arabia

Qur'an/Koran

The sacred book (holy writings)

Sunni Islam

Appoint the caliph

Shittie Islam

Descendants are the imam

5 Pillars

Shahadah - Confession of faith, Salat - Prayers, Zakat - Purification (Alms), Sawm - Fasting (Ramadan), Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca

Doctrines of Christianity that Islam denies

Denies Diety, Denies that his death was for salvation and that he resurrected to conquer death

End of the Muslim Empire

The Muslim empire deteriorated due to things such as Divisions (Abbasid dynasty), Invasions (Seljukturks), and the Christian Crusades.

Al-Razi

Helped to identify and study treatments for smallpox.

ibn Sina

Helped with tuberculosis treatments.

Gunpowder

All empires used gunpowder in weapons.

Osman

Founder of the Ottoman Empire

Persian rugs

Associated with the Safavid Empire

Miniature paintings

Associated with the Safavid Empire

Tolerant of other monotheistic religions

Characteristic of the Mughal Empire

Responsible for the Commercial Revolution in India

Characteristic of the Mughal Empire

Shah

Associated with the Safavid Empire

Akbar

Mughal leader known for his policies of tolerance

Babur

Founder of the Mughal Empire

Sunni

Associated with the Ottoman Empire

Shitte

Associated with the Safavid Empire

Mongols

Associated with the Ottoman Empire

Turikistan

Associated with the Mughal Empire

Ruled Persia

Characteristic of the Safavid Empire

Conquered by Afghanistan

Characteristic of the Safavid Empire

Major difference between Sunni and Shiite Islam

The Sunni choose a caliph from a group of qualified Muslim leaders, while the Shiite leader (Imam) should be chosen from Muhammad's descendants' family.

4 Muslim artistic/literary contributions

1001 Nights, Abstract and representational design, Calligraphy (Illumination), Mosques

Founders of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Islam: Muhammad, Judaism: Abraham, Isaac, David, Christianity: Jesus

Holy Writings of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Islam: Koran, Judaism: Torah, Christianity: Bible

God/gods of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Islam: Allah, Judaism: Yahweh, Christianity: God, other names used to describe attributes

Core beliefs of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Islam: 5 Pillars, Judaism: One God, looking for the coming of the messiah to deliver them, Christianity: Salvation through Jesus alone

Reasons for the fall of the Ottomans

Military defeats and Economic Problems such as competition, bankruptcy, and unemployment.

African trade items

Gold and Salt trade

Mansa Musa

Led Mali to its height in the 1300's, Mali grew wealthier, Taxation of Gold-salt trade

African history preservation

Much of their history was written and preserved on stelas.

Golden Web

The world's great trade route through the Afro-Eurasian region, deemed as one of the most lucrative trade routes, allowed large trains of over 60 thousand people from cities in Asia to Eastern Europe.