Cardiac Axis & Deviation

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8 Terms

1
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Cardiac axis represents the sum of?

  • depolarisation vectors generated by individual cardiac myocytes

2
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Normal Axis = QRS axis between?

  • -30° and +90°.

<ul><li><p><span><span>-30° and +90°.</span></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Left Axis Deviation = QRS axis..?

  • QRS axis less than -30°.

<ul><li><p><span><span>QRS axis less than -30°.</span></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Right Axis Deviation = QRS axis?

  • greater than +90°.

<ul><li><p><span><span>greater than +90°.</span></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Extreme Axis Deviation = QRS axis between?

  • between -90° and 180°

  • (AKA “Northwest Axis”).

<ul><li><p><span><span>between -90° and 180°</span></span></p></li><li><p><span><span>(AKA “Northwest Axis”).</span></span></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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How would I determine the Specific Cardiac Axis?

  • Leads 1 and aVF

  • In Lead 1 and AVF Measure the Net Deflection of the QRS Complex

  • E.G
    - L1 = + 4
    - aVF = +15

  • Draw it out and draw a line through the Corner. = The Axis Degree

<ul><li><p>Leads 1 and aVF</p></li><li><p>In Lead 1 and AVF Measure the Net Deflection of the QRS Complex</p></li><li><p>E.G<br>- L1 = + 4<br>- aVF = +15</p></li><li><p>Draw it out and draw a line through the Corner. = The Axis Degree</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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What are Causes of LAD?

  • Left anterior fascicular block

  • Left bundle branch block

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy

  • Inferior MI

  • Ventricular ectopy

  • Paced rhythm

  • Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome


8
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What are the causes of RAD?

  • Left posterior fascicular block

  • Lateral myocardial infarction

  • Right ventricular hypertrophy

  • Acute lung disease (e.g. Pulmonary Embolus)

  • Chronic lung disease (e.g. COPD)

  • Ventricular ectopy

  • Hyperkalaemia

  • Sodium-channel blocker toxicity

  • WPW syndrome

  • Normal in children or thin adults with a vertically positioned heart