Menstruation and Conception WEEK 1 OB

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to menstruation, conception, and prenatal care, derived from lecture notes.

Genotype

A person's genetic makeup.

Phenotype

The way in which genes are outwardly expressed.

Genome

Complete set of DNA.

Genes

Composed of DNA and protein.

X-Linked Inheritance

Mutated gene only located on X chromosome.

Y-Linked Inheritance

Mutation is located only on the Y chromosome.

Organogenesis

The period when the fetus is most vulnerable to teratogens.

Follicular phase

Begins first day of menstruation and lasts 12-14 days.

Ovulatory phase

Begins when estrogen levels peak and ends with the release of the oocyte (egg).

Luteal phase

Begins after ovulation and lasts approximately 14 days.

Proliferative phase

Occurs following menstruation and ends with ovulation.

Secretory phase

Begins after ovulation and ends with onset of menstruation.

Menstrual phase

Sloughing off and expulsion of the endometrial tissue.

Fertilization

Sperm enters oocyte normally in the outer third of the fallopian tube.

Zygote

Fertilized egg.

Cleavage

Single cell zygote undergoes mitotic cell division.

Morula

Zygote has morphed into a 16-cell, solid sphere.

Blastocyst

A developing human around day 5 enters the uterus.

Embryoblast

Inner cell mass that develops into the embryo.

Trophoblast

Outer cell mass that assists in implantation and will become part of the placenta.

Monozygotic

Identical twins (fertilized ovum splits into two embryos).

Dizygotic

Fraternal twins (two separate sperm fertilized two separate ova).

Ductus Venosus

Connects umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.

Foramen Ovale

Opening between R and L atria.

Ductus Arteriosus

Connects pulmonary artery with descending aorta.

Chorion

Fetal tissue of the placenta.

Endometrium

Maternal tissue of the placenta.

Amnion

Inner embryonic membrane.

Chorion

Outer embryonic membrane.

Polyhydramnios

Excessive amniotic fluid (1500-2000ml).

Oligohydramnios

Low amniotic fluid (<500ml at term).

Wharton's Jelly

Protects vessel from compression in the umbilical cord.

Striae Gravidarum

Stretch marks during pregnancy.

Linea Nigra

Dark line of pigmentation from umbilicus to pubic area during pregnancy.

Chloasma

Increased pigmentation on the face during pregnancy.

Gravida

Total number of times pregnant regardless of outcome.

Parity

Number of births past 20 weeks (alive or stillborn).

Nulligravida

Never has been pregnant.

Primigravida (primip)

Pregnant for the first time.

Multigravida (multip)

Pregnant for 2+ times.

Couvade Syndrome

Experiencing pregnancy symptoms and discomforts similar to their pregnant partner.

Ethnocentrism

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.