Urbanisation

urbanisation

growth in proportion of people living in urban environments

Megacity

A city with over 10 million people

Rural-urban migration

people move from rural areas to town or cities

Push factors

force people to move: droughts, lack of jobs

Pull factors 

encourages a person to move: better education, better jobs

LIC Case study

Lagos, south west Nigeria

Importance of Lagos

One of the fastest-growing cities in the World

It is the economic powerhouse of Nigeria, contributing about 25% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Opportunities in Lagos 

Lagos has a higher number of schools and universities compared to rural areas

There are more hospital, clinics and doctors per person than in rural areas

‘Future Proofing Lagos- Energy Sector’ aims to provide 100% to energy, street lighting for all commercial areas and at least 20% use of renewable energy by 2030

Challenges in Lagos

Waste Management: Lagos produces 10,000 tonnes of waste daily, but only 40% collected

Water Pollution: Only 10% of people have access to treated water; many rely on boreholes which are often contaminated

Housing: Houses are built from scavenged materials and are overcrowded with many families living in a single room

Traffic Congestion: Average commuter spends over 3 hours a day in traffic

Urban Solutions in Lagos

Transport: Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system with dedicated lanes. Lagos Rail Mass Transit (LRMT) a light railway system that eases congestion

Eko Atlantic Project: A new coastal city built , to reduce overcrowding, designed with modern infrastructure

Slums Upgrading: Roads, sanitation and drainage improved settlements. Boreholes and toilets improved for better hygiene and living conditions

London’s importance

Largest and wealthiest city in the UK and home to over 10% of UK population. It is an international centre for media, education and education

Opportunities in London

Cultural Mix: London is the most diverse city in the UK with a range of international communities (Chinatown)

Employment: London has the most job opportunities in the UK

Transport: London has an integrated of tube lines, trains and buses

Challenges in London

Inequalities in Education: Students living in poorer areas often leave school with few qualifications; leads to high levels of unemployment

Waste Disposal: Around of 25% of London’s waste goes to landfill and air pollution is high due to traffic congestion

Urban Regeneration in London

The redevelopment of brownfield land, Stratford: to help tackle unemployment the’ International Quarter Technology Centre’ and Westfield Complex helped to create thousands of jobs

Sustainable transport

taking short bus rides

creating fast and reliable services, including designated bus lanes

Sustainable urban living

Water conservation involves the preservation, control and development of water resources

Energy conservation involves reducing the use of fossil fuels to save resources and reduce greenhouse has emissions (Beddington Zero Energy)

Green spaces improve air quality and reduce flooding by increasing rainwater absorption, Sheffield home to more than 250 woods

Recycling reduces landfill waste as well as the need for new resources to make new items