Powers (Legislative, Executive, Judicial, Articles of Confederation)

Lack of Powers in Articles of Confederation

• Only had legislative branch, no executive or judicial

• Congress could not tax or raise money

• Congress could not regulate commerce

• Cannot make/raise army or navy

• Unicameral Congress; one state one vote

• Two-Thirds (9/13) to pass laws

• Unanimous support to amend Articles

Concurrent Powers

• Taxing

• Enacting laws

• Defining crimes/enforcing punishment

• Borrow money

• Build infrastructure

• Establishing Courts

• Exercise eminent domain (legally seizing property)

Reserved Powers

• Regulate education

• Regulate marriage

• Regulate intrastate commerce

• Establish local govts

• Conduct elections

Congress Powers

• Declare War

• Regulate Commerce

• Coin Money

Senate Powers

• Confrim treaties

• Confirm appointments

• Impeachment trial & conviction

• Choose Vice President

House of Representative Powers

• Initiate Revenue bills

• Choose president

• Bring up impeachment charges

Formal Powers

• Veto laws

• Appoint aImbassadors, cabinet members, federal judges

• Make treaties

• Commander in Chief

• Grant Pardons

Informal Powers

• Bully Pulpit

• Executive agreement

• Executive order

• War Powers Act

• Head of State

Judicial Powers

Judicial Review; interpret laws; resolve disputes; rule on constitutionality.