AP CSP AP classroom assignment 3

Software development process

The software development process is a structured approach that outlines the steps involved in creating, designing, deploying, and maintaining software applications. It is often referred to as a Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and typically includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation (coding), testing, deployment, and maintenance. The goal is to produce high-quality software that meets user requirements efficiently.

Software development process phases

The distinct stages in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), typically including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

Iterative development

A software development approach characterized by repeated cycles of design, development, and testing, gradually refining and expanding the product.

Incremental development

A software development approach where the final product is built and delivered in smaller, functional components (increments) over time. Each increment is a testable part of the system, progressively building the complete software. It often complements iterative development.

Software design process

The systematic process of transforming user requirements into a detailed architectural plan for the software. It defines the overall structure, modules, interfaces, data flow, and algorithms, serving as a blueprint for implementation to ensure a scalable, maintainable, and efficient system.

Sequencing; sequential statements

Sequencing refers to the execution of code statements one after another in their written order. Sequential statements are individual instructions processed linearly, from top to bottom, unless explicitly altered by control structures like conditionals or loops.

Code statement

A single instruction or command in a programming language that performs a specific action, such as assigning a value (x=10x=10), calling a function (print("Hello")print("Hello")), or declaring a variable (intextcountintextcount).

Expression

A combination of values, variables, operators, and function calls that a programming language evaluates to produce a single resultant value. For instance, a+b∗2a+b∗2 is an expression that yields a numeric result.

String Concatenation

The operation of joining two or more strings end-to-end to create a single, longer string. This is commonly done using operators like + (e.g., "Hello" + "World" results in "HelloWorld").

Substring

A contiguous sequence of characters that forms a part of a larger string. For example, "apple" is a substring of "applepie".

Boolean value

A data type with only two possible values: true or false. Boolean values are essential for logical operations, decision-making, and controlling program flow in conditional statements and loops.

Operand

The values or variables upon which an operator performs an action. In the expression 5+35+3, 5 and 3 are the operands for the + operator. Similarly, x and y are operands in x>yx>y.

Selection

A fundamental programming control structure that enables a program to make decisions, executing different code blocks based on whether a given condition evaluates to true or false. This is implemented using conditional statements.

Conditional statements

Programming constructs that control program flow by executing specific code blocks only if certain conditions are met. Key types include:

1. if: Executes code if a condition is true.

2. if-else: Executes one block if true, another if false.

3. else if: Tests multiple conditions sequentially.

4. switch (or case): Selects blocks based on a single variable's value.

Nested conditional statements

Conditional statements placed inside other conditional statements, allowing for complex decision-making. The evaluation of an inner condition depends on the outcome of its containing outer condition

Iteration

A control structure that repeatedly executes a block of code, commonly known as 'looping.' This can occur a specified number of times (e.g., for loops) or until a certain condition is met (e.g., while loops).