Music Exam 3 Terms

: A multi-movement structure common in Classical symphonies, sonatas, and concertos during the Classical period.

Sonata cycle

Sonata form:

A musical structure with three main sections—Exposition, Development, Recapitulation.

Exposition:

The section where main themes are introduced, often with a key change.

Development:

The section where themes are varied and modulated, adding tension and complexity.

Recapitulation:

The return of original themes, typically all in the home key.

Symphony:

A large-scale orchestral work, usually in four movements.

Concerto:

A composition for solo instrument and orchestra, often showcasing virtuosity.

Minuet:

A graceful dance in triple meter, often the third movement in Classical works.

Scherzo

: A faster, more playful alternative to the minuet, often with rhythmic surprises.

Rondo:

A form with a recurring main theme alternating with contrasting sections (e.g., ABACA).

Cadenza:

A solo passage in a concerto, often improvised, highlighting the performer’s skill.

Recitative:

A speech-like style of singing used in opera to advance the plot.

Motives:

Short musical ideas or fragments that are developed throughout a piece.

Chamber music:

Music for small ensembles, typically one player per part.

Piano trio.

: A chamber ensemble of piano, violin, and cello

String quartet:

A chamber ensemble of two violins, viola, and cello.

Viennese School

Refers to Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven—central figures in Classical music.

Beethoven’s 3rd, 5th, 9th:

Landmark symphonies known for innovation and emotional depth.

Ode to Joy:

The choral finale of Beethoven’s 9th Symphony, based on Schiller’s poem.

Beethoven’s only opera, centered on themes of freedom and justice.

Fidelio:

Mozart’s 3 opera masterpieces:

Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute.

Roughly 1750–1820.

Classical period dates:

Composers’ biographical details: Haydn (Esterházy, Surprise Symphony), Mozart (Salzburg, Requiem), Beethoven (Bonn, deafness, expanded forms).

Where was Mozart born?

: Salzburg, Austria.

What piece was Mozart writing when he died?

: Requiem Mass.

Who is Don Giovanni?:

A fictional libertine nobleman in Mozart’s opera.

What is the predominant texture of Classical music?:

Homophonic melody with accompaniment.

Beethoven expanded the Development section: Added drama, complexity, and emotional intensity.

Terraced dynamics:

Sudden shifts in volume, more common in Baroque but referenced in Classical contrast.

Classical orchestra

Standard ensemble including strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.