meat exam 1

what element must form a complex with ATP at the myosin head in order for muscles to relax?

magnesium

stromal proteins including collagen and elastin are considered:

insoluble

the smallest contractile unit of muscle is called:

sarcomere

in resting muscle, calcium is stored in the:

sarcoplasmic reticulum

which of the following explores were not responsible for bringing livestock to the americas?

Barbosa

which of the following is NOT a requirement for muscle contration?

acetylcholinesterase

what is the name of the membrane that surrounds muscle fibers?

sarcolemma

skeletal muscle cells are innervated by motor neurons at the:

neuromuscular junction

what is the most abundant protein in the body?

collagen

which of the following myosin isoforms is NOT found in bovine species?

type IIB

what must be released from the axon terminal in order for the sarcolemma to depolarize, allowing for muscle contraction to begin?

acetylcholine

what type of muscle has slow involuntary contraction aiding in moving food through the GI tract?

smooth muscle

type I fiber are considered to be:

red

type I fibers are considered to have:

oxidative metabolism

type I fivers are considered to be:

slow-twitch

the thick filament is composed of what contractile protein?

myosin

who was considered the nation’s first meat packer?

William Pynchon

what prompted meat inspection legislation, which would start in 1906?

The Jungle

what is the most efficient type of energy metabolism the body will utilize for ATP production?

aerobic metabolism

which of the following elements are required for muscle contraction and relaxation?

stimuli, acetylcholine, calcium, ATP

protein %

18.5

inorganic constitutents %

1

non-protein nitrogenous substances %

1.5

lipid %

3

water %

75

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 1

begins at the resting state

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 2

motor nerve action potential arrives at motor end plate

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 3

acetylcholine is released; the sarcolemma and membranes depolarize (Na + flux into fiber)

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 4

action potential is transmitted via the T-tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 5

calcium is released from the SR (terminal cisternae) into the sarcoplasm

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 6

calcium binds to troponin

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 7

tropomysin moves to expose myosin binding sites on actin

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 8

actin- myosin cross bridges form (these brides are referred to as actomysin)

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 9

myosin ATPase activated; ATP is hydrolyzed

when nerve impulses reach the surface of the muscle fiber, certain steps must be taken for muscle contraction to occur. identify the proper steps of muscle contraction- 10

repeated over and over; filaments slide shortening the sarcomere

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- acts as short-term storage for ADP/ATP in the muscle cell

creatine phosphate

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- quickly converts ADP to ATP

creatine phosphate

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- muscle utilizes this to generate ATP for contraction

all of the above

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- utilizes the krebs cycle

aerobic metabolism

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell

anaerobic metabolism

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- requires oxygen

aerobic metabolism

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- utilizes the glycolysis pathway

anaerobic metabolism

identify whether the statement is talking about creatine phosphate, aerobic metabolism, anerobic metabolism, or all of the above- takes place in the mitochondria of the cell

aerobic metabolism

water is considered polar

true

the scientific name for external fat is subcutaneous fat

true

Benjamin Franklin proposed a more compassionate method of slaught which would later be classified as electrical stunning

true

“Porkopolis” has the first meat packing plant in the United States, and this city is currently known as Chicago

false

cargill ranks first in U.S. poultry production

false

purge is a name for bound water

false

non-carcass components from a livestock carcass that are considered edible are also called variety meats

true

The Jungle “hit Americans in the stomach” rather than the heart

true

the body utilizes both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to produce ATP

true

ossification is the process of cartilage turning to bone

true

fabrication breakdown includes primals, subprimals, wholsale and retail cuts, and trim

true

the stiffening of muscle postmortem is called rigor mortis

true

the ability of meath to retain water during processing is called water holding capactiy

true

all myofibrillar proteins are classified as insoluble

false

collagen forms cross-links as animals age, making meat more tender

false

fed animals are young animals managed and fed for meat production- they have higher quality carcasses and are more valuable

true

in recent years, cattle numbers have hit an all time low due to heifer replacement

true

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- hemoglobin

water soluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- actin

salt soluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- collagen

insoluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- troponin

salt soluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- myoglobin

water soluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- myosin

salt soluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- elastin

insoluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their solubility classification- titin

salt soluble

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- actin

myofibrillar- contractile

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- collagen

stromal

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- myoglobin

sarcoplasmic

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- hemoglobin

sarcoplasmic

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- tropomyosin

myofibrillar- regulatory

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- myosin

myofibrillar- contractile

correctly match each of the following proteins with their correct protein classification- troponin

myofibrillar- regulatory

-

muscle bundle

-

epimysium

-

myofibril

-

perimysium

-

sarcolemma

-

endomysium

-

muscle

-

myofilament

-

sarcomere

-

muscle fiber

-

myosin

-

a-band

-

actin

-

i-band

-

transverse tubule

-

terminal cisternae

-

myofibrils

-

sarcolemma

-

thin filament

-

sarcolemma

-

thick filament

-

triad

-

terminal cisternae

list one fact that you been surprised to learn so far

i think that the most interesting part of this class so far is the history of meat production and how, when we would send meat barrels off to solders, and it had the US on the side, it was not actually for United States; however, it was for a man whose name I can’t remember but was called Uncle Sam. it was talked about in the first lecture and was something that I remembered and thought was cool, and that’s how we got Uncle Sam today.

extra credit?

Butcher’s dollar