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18 Terms

1

survey

researchers ask participants questions about the parameter of interest

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2

observation

researchers observe the behavior of the participants/subjects without trying to influence it in any way

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3

experiment

researchers assign a control and treatment group and manipulate the variables to determine if a relationship between variables exist

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4

law of large numbers

as the sample size gets larger, the average gets closer to the โ€œtrue/expectedโ€ value

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5

correlation

two variables are statistically related, meaning they tend to change together

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6

causation

one variable directly causes a change in another variable

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7

simple random sample

a completely random method, every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected

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8

example of simple random sample

a random number generator is used to select from the entire population

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9

systematic random sample

members of the population are put in order and a starting point is selected at random. after that, every nth member of the population is selected

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10

example of systematic random sample

selecting every 8th customer in a grocery store line.ย 

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11

stratified random sample

members of the population are grouped and then a certain number of members of each group are random selected

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12

example of stratified random sample

surveying a representative number of students from each year of high school to understand overall opinions.ย 

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13

cluster random sample

members of the population are grouped and then the groups are randomly selected. each member of the selected group participates

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14

example of cluster random sample

choosing a few random city blocks to survey residents about local services

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15

volunteer sample

anyone in the population can join the sample

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16

example of volunteer sample

asking people to complete a survey on a website about their favorite movies.ย 

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17

convenience sample

anyone who happens to be available is selected

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18

example of convenience sample

asking colleagues at work about their lunch preferences.ย 

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