Comprehensive Review: Geography, Climate Change, Economics, Epidemiology, and History

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes covering key terms across geography, global climate action, economics, disease classification, and historical events.

Recycle

The process of reusing and processing materials to reduce waste and protect the environment.

Green Energy

Energy saving and power choices achieved by using sunlight, turning off unused devices, and choosing eco-friendly power.

Climate Change

Long-term changes in global temperatures and weather patterns, primarily driven by human activities.

Deforestation

The cutting down of trees, which reduces the Earth's ability to absorb $\text{CO}_2$ because forests act as natural carbon sinks.

Equator

The main line of latitude at $0^\times$ that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Prime Meridian

The central line of longitude at $0^\times$ used as the reference point for measuring longitude east and west.

Tropic of Cancer

The line of latitude located at $23\frac{1}{2}^\times\text{N}$ (or $23.5^\times\text{N}$).

Tropic of Capricorn

The line of latitude located at $23\frac{1}{2}^\times\text{S}$ (or $23.5^\times\text{S}$).

Arctic Circle

The parallel of latitude located at $66\frac{1}{2}^\times\text{N}$ (or $66.5^\times\text{N}$).

Antarctic Circle

The parallel of latitude located at $66\frac{1}{2}^\times\text{S}$ (or $66.5^\times\text{S}$).

Torrid Zone

The hottest climatic region on Earth, located between latitudes $0^\times$ and $23.5^\times$ North and South (between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn).

Temperate Zone

The climatic zone with moderate temperatures and distinct seasons, situated between $23.5^\times$ and $66.5^\times$ latitude in both hemispheres.

Frigid Zone

The coldest climatic zone on Earth, spanning from latitude $66.5^\times$ to $90^\times$ in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Polar Day

A phenomenon occurring in polar regions where the Sun does not set below the horizon.

Polar Night

A phenomenon occurring in polar regions where the Sun does not rise above the horizon.

Latitude-Longitude Grid

A system of intersecting lines of latitude and longitude used to locate any point on Earth.

Economic Growth

A quantitative concept referring to an increase in real national income or Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over time through higher production of goods and services.

Economic Development

A broader concept combining quantitative growth with qualitative improvements in living standards, healthcare, education, and overall well-being.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country, used to measure economic growth.

Per Capita Income

The average income per person in a country, which indicates the general standard of living.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A metric that measures overall quality of life based on three key dimensions: health, education, and income.

Human Capital

The education, skills, and health of a population that contribute to increased productivity and economic progress.

Capital Formation

The process of investing in machinery, factories, and infrastructure to enhance productive capacity.

Epidemic

A disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people within a specific community, population, or region.

Endemic

A disease that is constantly present within a given geographical area or population with a manageable impact.

Pandemic

A large-scale epidemic that covers multiple countries or spreads across continents.

Gerai

Ancient Greek athletic games organized exclusively for women, named after the goddess Gera.

Allied Powers (WWI)

The First World War alliance originally composed of Britain, France, and Russia, and later joined by the USA, Italy, and Japan.

Central Powers (WWI)

The First World War alliance comprising Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Eurasia

The combined continuous landmass of Europe and Asia.