Chemistry - The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change

State how rates of reactions can be measured (2)

Amount of product used

Amount of product formed

State the 3 units used for rate of reaction (2)

g/s

cm³/s

mol/s

Name the 5 factors which affect the rates of chemical reactions (5)

Concentration

Pressure

Surface Area

Temperature

Catalysts

What is the collision theory? (3)

Chemical reactions can only occur when:

Reacting particles collide with each other

And with sufficient energy

State what happens when there is an increase in the concentration of the reactants in a solution. (2)

Increases the frequency of collisions

So increases the rate of reaction

State what happens when there is an increase of temperature. (3)

Increases the frequency of collisions

Makes collisions more energetic

So increases the rate of reaction

State what a catalyst does in a chemical equation in terms of energy. (2)

They decrease the activation energy

Provide a different pathway for a chemical reaction

What are the reactants and the product formed using the Haber process? (3)

Hydrogen + Nitrogen ⇌ Ammonia

How can the direction of the reaction be changed? (1)

By changing the conditions (temperature)

Give 2 examples of conditions and which type of reaction they cause. (4)

Hot conditions for a forwards reaction

Cool conditions for a reverse

State the rule of energy change in a reversible reaction. (2)

If a reversible reaction is endothermic one way

It’s exothermic in the opposite direction

State the name for the process when the reactions occur at exactly the same rate in each direction. (1)

Equilibrium

What happens to the equilibrium when the concentration of the reactant increases? (2)