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Monomers
Small molecules that are the building blocks of larger molecules like polymers.
Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates made up of multiple monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic linkages.
Triacylglycerols
Lipids composed of three fatty acid molecules linked to a glycerol molecule via ester linkages.
Amino Acids
Building blocks of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.
Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet since the body cannot synthesize them.
Primary Structure
The sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Secondary Structure
Regular structures like alpha helices and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonding in proteins.
Tertiary Structure
Unique three-dimensional shape of a protein due to interactions between amino acid side chains.
Quaternary Structure
Structure resulting from the combination of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein.
Denaturation
Loss of protein structure and function due to external factors like heat or chemicals.
Nucleotides
Building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded nucleic acid that carries genetic information.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, a single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.
Base Pairing
Specific hydrogen bonding between complementary nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA.
tRNA
Transfer RNA, a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
