Unit 4 Honors Cell Biology Notes

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

What are the two main types of cells?

Prokaryotic Cells (What they are)

simplest, most ancient/oldest types of cell

Prokaryotic Cells (What can it be found in?)

found only in bacteria

Prokaryotic Cells (Related to what it has)

no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cells (What they are)

more modern, complex cells

Eukaryotic Cells (Related to what it has)

contain nucleus and “membrane-bound” organelles

Eukaryotic Cells (What can it be found in?)

found in plants, animals, fungi, protists

Cell Membrane

Outer boundary of the cell; separates the cell from the external environment

Regulates what goes in or out of cell

Cytosol 

(cytoplasm)

Clear fluid filling the cell in which organelles are suspended

Nucleus

contains the genetic material; controls the activities of the cell

Surrounded by nuclear membrane

Nucleolus

Found within nucleus, site where ribosomes are made

Endoplasmic Reticulum
W/ Ribosomes = Rough

Without = Smooth

“intracellular highway”; system of transport tubules within the cell

Ribosomes

Location where proteins are assembled; most numerous organelle

Golgi Apparatus

Packaging and processing organelle; proteins are modified and prepared for export

Mitochondria

“Powerhouse” of the cell; location where ATP is made by aerobic respiration

Lysosome

Contain digestive enzymes, break down foods and worn out cell parts

Peroxisome

Small, membrane bound, contain toxic peroxides that are safely broken down

Cytoskeleton

Provides shape and support for the cell, components are (microtubules and microfilaments)

Vacuole

Storage organelles, stores materials and wastes

Centrioles

Aid in cell division

Cell Walls

Found outside cell membrane, made of cellulose; provides support

Plastids

Composed of Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, Leukoplasts

Chloroplasts

Contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

Chromoplasts

Contain accessory pigments that aid in photosynthesis

Leukoplasts

Store starch

What are Plastids found in?

Plant cells

What cell is this found in?

Cell Wall

Plant Cells

What are these found in?

Single Large water Vacuole

Plant Cells

Found in what cell? Centrioles

Animals Cells

Found in what cell? Lysosomes

Animal Cell

Found in what cell? Many Small vacuoles

Animal Cells