JUL 2024 PYQ TPT280

4 ways of how logistic support marketing

1. Product availability

• right time , right product, right place

• Avoid stock shortages and satisfy customers

2. Cust services

   • fast delivery, accurate order

   • Cust satisfaction and loyalty

3. Cost efficiency

• reduce transport, warehouse cost

• Allow competitive pricing and higher profits

4. Promotion & distribution

   • ensure product available during promotions

   • Deliver products customers on time

3 types of intermodal transport

1. Piggyback

• rail + road

• For long distance

• Etc : truck, train, cust

2. Birdyback

• international trade

• Water + rail/road

3. Fiahyback

• air + road/rail

• Urgent / high value

4 types of inventory

1. Working stock

• main bulk of item stored in warehouse

• gula , milo , beras

2. Seasonal stock

• keep an extra stock before demand increases

• Raya clothes

3. Safety stock

• avoid stockout during unexpected happen

4. Dead stock

• cannot be sold , has no demand

• Expired product

4 factors affecting size of warehouse

1. Product size

• large/ bulky product requires bigger warehouse

2. Space available

• warehouse size depend on available land and warehouse

3. Cost and maintenance

• bigger warehouse have higher construction and maintenance cost

4. Flexibility of quick movement

• need space for forklift, loading bay

5 important/ func packaging

1. Promotion

• attract cust

• Etc : colorful cereal box

2. Sales

• show product clearly

• Etc brand label on bottle

3. Transport

• easy to move products

• Etc strong bos for electronic

4. Product mix

• Combine items in one pack

• Etc 6 pack drink in different flavors

5. product density

• save space

• Etc: compact toilet roll pack

4 benefits of gps in operation of logistics - TRDB

1. Real-Time Tracking

• GPS allows companies to monitor the exact location of vehicles and shipments in real time.

• It helps companies track delivery progress and provide updates to customers.

• Example: Logistics companies can inform customers about the estimated arrival time of their parcels.

2. Route Optimization

• GPS helps drivers choose the most efficient routes by avoiding traffic congestion and delays.

• It reduces travel time, fuel consumption, and transportation costs.

• Example: Delivery trucks can use GPS to select shorter routes.

3. Improved Delivery Accuracy

• GPS helps ensure deliveries are made to the correct location and on time.

• It increases customer satisfaction and improves service quality.

• Example: Courier companies can provide accurate delivery status to customers.

4. Better Fleet Management

• GPS helps companies monitor vehicle movement, driver behaviour, and fleet performance.

• It improves operational efficiency and reduces misuse of vehicles.

• Example: Managers can monitor whether drivers follow planned routes.

5 Challenges in Halal Logistics (20 Marks) - HLLCCS

1. Maintaining Halal Integrity

• Ensuring halal products are not contaminated with non-halal items during transportation, storage, and handling.

• Requires proper segregation between halal and non-halal products.

2. Lack of Halal Awareness and Training

• Some logistics workers may lack knowledge about halal requirements and procedures.

• This can lead to improper handling of halal products.

3. Higher Operating Costs

• Halal logistics requires separate storage areas, transportation facilities, and proper handling procedures.

• This increases operational and maintenance costs.

4. Complex Supply Chain Management

• Maintaining halal compliance throughout the entire supply chain is challenging.

• All suppliers, manufacturers, transporters, and warehouses must follow halal standards.

5. Lack of Standardization Between Countries

• Different countries may have different halal regulations and certification requirements.

• This creates difficulties for international halal trade.