Chemistry chapter 8

Chemical equation

Uses chemical symbols to denote what occurs in a chemical reaction

Ammonium chloride

Product of ammonia and hydrogen chloride reacting

Reactant

Each chemical species that appears to the left of the arrow

Product

Each species that appears to the right of the arrow

Aqueous

Dissolves in water

Balanced

Chemical equations must be _____ so that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed

Stoichiometric coefficients

Balancing equations occurs by writing these to the left of the chemical formulas

Combination reaction

Two or more reactants combine to form a single product

Decomposition reaction

Two or more products form a single reactant

Combustion reaction

A substance burns in the presence of oxygen; produces carbon dioxide gas and water

Combustion analysis

The experimental determination of an empirical formula

Limiting reactant

The reactant used up first in a reaction

Excess reactant

Those present in quantities greater than necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting reactant

Theoretical yield

The amount of product that forms when all the limiting reactant reacts to form the desired product

Actual yield (experimental yield)

The amount of product actually obtained from a reaction

Percent yield

Tells what percentage the actual yield is of the theoretical yield; (experimental yield/theoretical yield)*100%