Western Civ II Final

Absolutism is when a government’s collective power is in the hands of a single __________________ who served as executor, legislator, and judge.

monarch

The Bourbon dynasty ruled __________________ during the 17th and 18th centuries.

France

Louis XIV ruled France as an absolute monarch and was known as "____________________________________".

The Sun King

The Balance of Power is an arrangement in which various countries form __________________ to prevent any one state from dominating the others.

alliances

The Hohenzollern dynasty was the name of the ruling dynasty of __________________.

Prussia

The Habsburg dynasty was the name of the ruling dynasty of __________________.

Austria

Peter the Great was a member of the Romanov dynasty that ruled __________________.

Russia

During the English Civil War Oliver Cromwell led the __________________.

Parliamentarians (Roundheads)

The Glorious Revolution resulted in William and Mary becoming the king and queen of __________________.

England

Thomas Hobbes wrote __________________ which argued that people had no right to rebel against their ruler.

Leviathan

John Locke argued people have a right to rebel against their __________________ if it does not fulfill its duties.

government

King Charles I was executed as a result of __________________’s Second Civil War in 1649.

England

The Scientific Revolution was the new views of the __________________ world and methods for obtaining them.

natural

Copernicus' __________________ theory created doubt about the Ptolemaic system.

heliocentric

Galileo Galilei was an __________________ astronomer.

Italian

Who concluded "I think, therefore I am."?

René Descartes

Who wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy: The Principia?

Isaac Newton

Newton demonstrated the law of __________________.

universal gravitation

Alchemy attempted to turn lead into __________________.

gold

Robert Boyle is regarded as the first modern __________________.

chemist

__________________ is the tendency to doubt accepted beliefs.

Skepticism

Secularization describes the reduction of the importance of __________________ in society.

religion

The Enlightenment was the European __________________ movement of the 18th century.

intellectual

Paris was considered the capital of the __________________.

Enlightenment

The writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment were known as the __________________.

philosophes

Voltaire was the author of __________________.

Candide

Montesquieu argued for the __________________ of political powers.

separation

The Wealth of Nations was written by __________________.

Adam Smith

The Social Contract pioneered modern __________________ theory.

democratic

The greatest American philosophe was __________________.

Benjamin Franklin

George I was the first Hanoverian king of __________________.

Great Britain

__________________ was often described as "an army with a country."

Prussia

__________________ was partitioned three times by Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Poland

The Treaty of __________________ ended the French and Indian War.

Paris

__________________ could be considered the major victor of the Seven Years' War.

Great Britain

The Intolerable Acts were the British response to the __________________ __________________ __________________.

Boston Tea Party

The Declaration of Independence was written by __________________ __________________.

Thomas Jefferson

The Battle of Saratoga led to __________________ support.

French

__________________ society was divided into three orders (Estates) before the Revolution.

French

King __________________ summoned the Estates-General.

Louis XVI

The Third Estate declared itself the __________________ __________________.

National Assembly

The storming of the __________________ symbolized an attack on the king's authority.

Bastille

The March on Versailles resulted in the king and National Assembly relocating to __________________.

Paris

The Jacobins wanted to establish a __________________.

republic

The __________________ __________________ abolished the monarchy and established a republic on September 22, 1792.

National Convention

Maximilien Robespierre dominated the Committee of __________________ __________________.

Public Safety

The Thermidorian Reaction ended the __________________ of __________________.

Reign of Terror

Napoleon abandoned his army after the French navy was defeated by the __________________ in Egypt.

British

__________________ led a coup d'état and toppled the Directory in 1799.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Toussaint L'Ouverture led a slave revolt against the __________________.

French

The __________________ __________________ abolished the three estates and serfdom.

Napoleonic Code

At the Battle of Austerlitz, __________________ achieved his greatest victory.

Napoleon

The __________________ of __________________ was a British naval victory led by Horatio Nelson.

Battle

The Continental System was designed to destroy __________________'s economy.

Great Britain

Nationalism is based on a common culture or __________________ group.

ethnic

Czar __________________ used a scorched-earth policy against Napoleon.

Alexander I

After Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of __________________ he was exiled to Elba.

Leipzig

At Waterloo Napoleon was defeated by British and __________________ forces.

Prussian

After Waterloo Napoleon was exiled to __________________.

Saint Helena

The __________________ __________________ was the change from human labor to machine production.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in __________________.

Great Britain

The Industrial Revolution started in the __________________ industry.

textile

James Watt developed an efficient __________________ __________________.

steam engine

Coal was the major source of industrial __________________.

energy

__________________ __________________ believed famine, disease, and war would check population growth.

Thomas Malthus

Child __________________ was physically harmful.

labor

Unions were organized to raise __________________ and improve working conditions.

wages

Labor __________________ reduced child and female labor.

legislation

According to Marx and Engels, the __________________ __________________ says history is driven by economics and class struggle.

Communist Manifesto

Liberalism emphasized extending political __________________ to at least the middle class.

rights

__________________ is based on a shared sense of identity through common institutions, traditions, language, and customs.

Nationalism

Conservatism focused on preserving __________________ political and social institutions.

traditional

Socialism advocated community ownership of the means of __________________.

production

The Congress of Vienna redrew the __________________ map after the Napoleonic Wars.

European

During the Age of Metternich, which two countries gained independence?

Greece and Belgium

What year was known as the Year of Revolutions?

1848

The __________________ __________________ was known as the "Sick Man of Europe."

Ottoman Empire

Camillo di Cavour was the architect of __________________ unification.

Italian

Otto von Bismarck was the architect of __________________ unification.

German

William I was proclaimed __________________ of the Second German Empire.

German Emperor (Kaiser)

After the Crimean War, __________________ __________________ focused on overseas possessions.

Great Britain

__________________ __________________ created the periodic table.

Dmitri Mendeleev

__________________ __________________ discovered radioactivity and subatomic particles.

Marie Curie

E=mc² is associated with __________________.

Albert Einstein

__________________ __________________ disproved spontaneous generation.

Louis Pasteur

The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed by __________________.

Charles Darwin

__________________ __________________ is known as the Father of Genetics.

Gregor Mendel

Modern antisemitism often involved __________________.

scapegoating

First-wave __________________ argued that women are fully equal to men.

feminism

The __________________ movement sought to accurately depict everyday life.

Realist

The __________________ movement emphasized heredity and environment.

Naturalist

The __________________ __________________ __________________ was characterized by mass-produced steel.

Second Industrial Revolution

__________________ rejected compulsory government and supported its elimination.

Anarchism

Imperialism is the extension of sovereignty or __________________ over another people.

control