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Louisiana Purchase - (1803) Acquisition of 828,000 square miles of territory from France, doubling the size of the U.S., negotiated by President Thomas Jefferson.
Embargo Act - (1807) Description: Law enacted by President Jefferson prohibiting American ships from trading with foreign nations, aimed at protecting U.S. interests but harming the economy.
Hartford Convention - (1814) Description: Meeting of New England Federalists expressing grievances during the War of 1812, leading to discussions of secession and the decline of the Federalist Party.
American System - (1816) Description: Proposed by Henry Clay for economic development promoting a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements like roads and canals.
Missouri Compromise - (1820) Description: Agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power in Congress with a boundary line for future states.
Corrupt Bargain - (1824) Description: Controversial election where John Quincy Adams was chosen by House of Representatives despite not winning a majority, leading to claims of a deal with Henry Clay.
Indian Removal Act - (1830) Description: Act signed by President Andrew Jackson facilitating the forced removal of Native American tribes to 'Indian Territory,' leading to the Trail of Tears.
Hayne-Webster Debate - (1830) Description: Senate debates between Robert Hayne and Daniel Webster on states' rights versus federal authority, particularly regarding tariffs and nullification.
Nullification Crisis - (1833) Description: Confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over tariffs, testing state versus federal power, leading to a compromise reducing tariffs.
Great Migration - (1840s) Description: Mass movement of millions of Americans, especially African Americans seeking economic opportunities and escaping slavery from the rural South to northern cities and westward.