civics and citizenship topic test

lobbying

communications with Australian Government representatives in an effort to influence federal government decision-making.

discrimination

treated less favourably than somebody else because of your: disability, race, religion, sex or age

trade union

a group of employees who join together to maintain and improve their conditions of employment.

criminal law```

the body of law that defines criminal activity

common law

made by judges, used in most cases

bounds of the law

the limits of what is legally allowed

case studies of countries with alternative policy

North Korea has very different policies as Aus, so does Saudi Arabia.

need for rules and laws

to help us understand how to participate safely and fairly in groups and society.

national identity

a nation as a whole, represented by traditions, culture, and the language

democratic values

Respect for people and their rights to make their own decisions, tolerance of others different ideas, and equity.

westminster system

system of government (from the UK) where there are two Houses of Parliament. (the lower and upper house)

justice

Application of law, in a just and fair way.

participation

participating in protests, signing bills, having a say in the government

freedom of speech

the right of a person to articulate opinions and ideas without interference or retaliation from the government.

freedom of movement

the right to move freely within a country for those who are lawfully within the country, the right to leave any country and the right to enter a country of which you are a citizen.

freedom of association

protects the right of all persons to group together voluntarily for a common goal and to form and join an association

freedom of assembly

the right for people to assemble in a public place, and to express political opinions as a group.

freedom of religion

the right to adopt a religion or belief of a person's choice, including the right to leave a religion and convert to another.

Beyond a reasonable doubt standard

the extent to which a case must be proven for an individual to be found guilty of an offence.

jury

usually 12 people, sworn to give a verdict on a legal case from the evidence presented to them

democracy

a way of governing which depends on the will of the people.

rule of law

the concept that no one is above the law - it is applied equally and fairly to both the government and citizens

civil law

the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.

statutory law

the law made by the parliament

rights and responsibilities

(freedom of speech, the right to vote) there are also responsibilities of citizenship (to vote in elections, pay taxes, perform jury service).

ways to take part of a government

being informed, voting, lobby groups, petitions

aboriginal and torres strait islander customary law

is the body of rules and values accepted by their community, that is a standard. eg: it is against customary law to take photographs of traditional landowners in some parts of Australia

balance of probabilities

requires reasonable satisfaction that the facts as presented are probably correct and occurred as stated.

direct vs indirect action

direct could be protesting, signing bills, joining lobby groups, while indirect is sending an email to a member of parliment.