Human Reproduction Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering cell structures, reproductive organs, and reproductive processes in human reproduction.

Cell

The basic unit of life.

Lysosomes and centrioles

Cellular structures that are only found in animal cells.

Chloroplasts and cell wall

Cellular structures that are only found in plant cells.

Gonads

Primary reproductive organs, which are the testes in males and ovaries in females.

Testes

The male primary reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone.

Ovaries

The female primary reproductive organs that produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

Gametes

Sex cells, which are sperm in males and eggs (ova) in females.

Accessory Reproductive organs

Ducts and glands that assist in the transport and nourishment of gametes and for the developing embryo.

Secondary sexual characteristics

Physical traits that distinguish males from females developing during puberty, such as facial hair in males and breast development in females.

Gametogenesis

The process of gamete formation, which is spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females.

Spermatogenesis

The process of gamete formation in males.

Oogenesis

The process of gamete formation in females.

Fertilization

The union of sperm and egg, typically occurring in the Fallopian tube (oviduct).

Fallopian tube (oviduct)

The location where fertilization typically occurs.

Zygote

The single cell formed immediately after fertilization.

Embryo

The early stage of development from fertilization to about $8\,\text{weeks}$.

Fetus

The later stage of development from $8\,\text{weeks}$ until birth.

Implantation

The process of the embryo embedding itself in the uterine wall.

Parturition

The process of giving birth or childbirth.

Semen

Fluid containing sperm secreted from the male reproductive system.

Uterus

Muscular organ in females where the embryo develops.

Placenta

A structure that develops during pregnancy, connecting the developing fetus to the mother's uterine wall to allow for nutrient and waste exchange.

Umbilical Cord

Structure that connects the fetus to the placenta.

Amniotic sac

A fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects the developing fetus.

Puberty

The period during which reproductive organs mature and secondary sexual characteristics develop.

Reproduction

The biological process by which living organisms (including animals, humans, plants, and microorganisms) form new individuals.

Asexual Reproduction

A single organism produces genetically identical offspring

Sexual Reproduction

The formation offspring resulting from the fusion of gametes (egg and sperm), a process termed fertilization.

Binary Fussion, Budding, Fragmentation, Pathenogenesis, Spore Formation, Vegetative Reproductive

What are the Modes of Asexual Reproduction?

External Fertilization, Internal Fertilization

Sexual Reproduction and Modes of Fertilization

Petals

Brightly colored parts that function to attract pollinators such as bees, insects, and birds.

Sepals

Green-colored structures located beneath the petals that protect rising/developing buds.

Anther

Yellowish, sac-like structure involved in producing and storing pollen

Filament

Slender, thread-like stalk that structurally supports the anther.

Stigma

Topmost part or receptive tip of the carpels in the gynaecium of a flower.

Style

Long, tube-like slender stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary

Ovary

Ductless reproductive gland that holds the ovules.