3.07 Linkage, Sex Linkage, & the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A series of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to linkage, sex linkage, and chromosome theory of inheritance.

Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

A technique used to identify genetic defects in embryos created through in vitro fertilization before pregnancy.

Fanconi anemia

A genetic disorder that leads to bone marrow failure and increases the risk of certain cancers, often requiring medical management.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

A process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the body, and the resulting embryos are implanted into the uterus.

Ethical Objections

Concerns raised about the moral implications of using genetic screening to select embryos for specific traits or to treat siblings.

Ethical Justifications

Arguments supporting the use of genetic screening when it aims to save lives or prevent suffering.

Linkage

The tendency of genes located close to each other on the same chromosome to be inherited together more often than expected by chance.

X-linked Traits

Traits associated with genes found on the X chromosome, often having different inheritance patterns in males and females.

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

The principle stating that alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.

Independent Assortment

Mendel's principle that states genes on different chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation.

Recombinant Chromosomes

Chromosomes that have undergone crossing over, resulting in new combinations of alleles not found in the parent organisms.

Pedigree Analysis

A diagram representing the familial relationships and inheritance patterns across generations, used to determine genetic trait transmission.

Autosomal Dominant

A pattern of inheritance where only one copy of a dominant allele is needed for the trait to be expressed.

Autosomal Recessive

A pattern of inheritance where two copies of a recessive allele must be present for the trait to be expressed.

Sex-linked Inheritance

Genetic traits associated with genes located on sex chromosomes, leading to different patterns of inheritance between genders.

Crossing Over

The process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to genetic variation.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible allele combinations from the parents.

Bioethics

The study of ethical issues arising from advances in biology and medicine, particularly with respect to genetic research and applications.

Hemizygous

Having only one allele for a gene, typically referring to males for genes located on the X chromosome.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a gene.

Phenotypic Ratio

The ratio of different phenotypes in the offspring resulting from a genetic cross.

Autosomal

Referring to any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual regarding a specific gene or set of genes.