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White Temple and Ziggurat
Mud Brick. Sumerian. Uruk (modern day Warka, Iraq)
c. late 4th millennium BCE.
Palette of King Narmer
Siltstone. Predynastic Egypt.
c. 3000-2920 BCE.
Statues of Votive Figures
Gypsum Inlaid with shell and black limestone. Sumerian. Eshnunna (modern day Tell Asmar, Iraq). c. 2900-2600 BCE.
Seated Scribe
Painted limestone. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. Saqqara, Egypt. c. 2620-2500 BCE.
Apollo 11 Stones
Charcoal on Stone. Namibia.
c. 25,500-25,300 BCE
Great Hall of the Bulls
Charcoal and Ochre on Rock. Lascaux, France. Paleolithic Europe. c. 16,000-14,000 BCE
Camelid Sacrum in the shape of a canine
Bone. Tequixquiac, central Mexico. c. 14,000-7,000 BCE
Running Horned Woman
Pigment on Rock. Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria. Ajjer peoples. c. 6,000-4,000 BCE
Beaker with Ibex Motifs
Painted Terra Cotta. Susa, Iran.
c. 4200-3500 BCE
Anthropomorphic Stele
Sandstone. Arabian Peninsula
c. 4th millennium BCE
Jade Cong
Carved Nephrite (true jade). Liangzhu, China. Neolithic Period c. 2500 BCE
Stonehenge
Sandstone. Wiltshire, UK. Neolithic Europe. c. 2550-1600 BCE
The Ambum Stone
Greywacke. Papua New Guinea.
c. 1500 BCE
Tlatilco Female Figurine
Ceramic. Central Mexico, site of Tlatilco. c. 1200-600 BCE
Terra Cotta Fragment
Terra Cotta (incised), red-slip earthenware. Lapita peoples. Solomon Islands. c. 1000 BCE.
Standard of Ur
Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone. Sumerian. Royal Tombs at Ur (modern day Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq). c. 2600-2400 BCE.
Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx
Cut limestone. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. Giza, Egypt. c. 2600-2400 BCE
King Menkaura and Queen
Greywacke. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. Egypt. c. 2490-2472 BCE.
The Code of Hammurabi
Basalt. Susian. Babylon. c. 1792-1750 BCE.
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall
Cut sandstone and mud brick. New Kingdom, 18th and 19th dynasties. Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt. c. 2055-1650 BCE.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite. New Kingdom, 18th dynasty. Near Luxor, Egypt. c. 1479- 58 BCE.
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters
Limestone. New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th dynasty. c. 1350 BCE.
Tutankhamun's tomb, innermost coffin
Gold inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. Valley of the Kings, Egypt. c. 1332-1323 BCE.
Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead)
Painted papyrus scroll. New Kingdom, 19th dynasty. Thebes, Egypt. c. 1275.
Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II
Alabaster. Neo-Assyrian. Dur Sharrukin (modern day Khorsabad, Iraq). c. 720-705 BCE.
Athenian Agora
Plan. Archaic through Hellenistic. Public speaking place. Athens, Greece. c. 5th century BCE.
Anavysos Kouros
Marble with remnants of paint. Archaic Greek. c. 530 BCE.
Peplos Kore from the Acropolis
Marble, painted details. Archaic Greek. c. 530 BCE.
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
Terra Cotta. Etruscan. Cerveteri, Italy. c. 520 BCE.
Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes
Limestone. Persian. Persepolis, Iran. c. 6th to 5th century BCE.
Temple of Minerva and sculpture of Apollo
Master sculptor Vulca. Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock); terra cotta sculpture. Veii, near Rome, Italy. Etruscan with Greek influences. c. 510-500 BCE.
Tomb of the Triclinium
Tufa and fresco. Etruscan. Tarquinia, Italy. c. 470 BCE.
Niobedes Krater
Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid painter. Clay, red-figure technique (white highlights). c. 460-50 BCE.
Doryphoros (Spear bearer)
Polykleitos. Roman copy (marble), Greek original (bronze). Pompeii, Rome. c. 450- 440 BCE.
Acropolis
Iktinos and Kallikrates. Marble. Athens, Greece. c. mid 5th century BCE.
Grave Stele of Hegeso
Attributed to Kallimachos. Marble and paint. Dipylon Cemetery, Athens, Greece. c. 410 BCE.
Winged Victory of Samothrace
Marble. Hellenistic Greece. c. 190 BCE.
Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
Marble. Hellenistic Greece. Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). c. 200- 150 BCE.
House of the Vettii
Cut stone and fresco. Imperial Roman. Pompeii, Italy.
Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun
Mosaic. Tesserae. Republican Roman copy of lost Greek painting. Hellenistic. Pompeii. c. 100 BCE.
Seated boxer
Bronze. Hellenistic Greece. c. 100 BCE.
Head of Roman patrician
Marble. Republican Roman. Verism. c. 75- 50 BCE.
Augustus of Primaporta
Marble. Imperial Roman. c. 1st century CE.
Colosseum (Flavian amphitheater)
Stone and concrete. Imperial Roman. Rome, Italy. c. 70- 80 CE.
Forum of Trajan
Apollodorus of Damascus. Brick and concrete (architecture), marble (column). Rome, Italy. c. 106-112 AD.
Pantheon
Concrete with stone facing. Imperial Rome. Italy. c. 125.
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
Marble. Late Imperial Roman. c. 250- 260 BCE.
Catacomb of Priscilla
Excavated tufa and fresco. Late Antique Europe. Rome, Italy. c. late 2nd century to 4th century BCE.
Santa Sabina
Brick and stone, wooden roof. Late Antique Europe. Rome, Italy. c. 422-432 CE.
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angle, from the Vienna Genesis
Illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, and silver on vellum). Early Byzantine Europe. c. 6th century.
San Vitale
Brick, marble, and stone veneer, mosaic. Early Byzantine Europe. Ravenna, Italy. c. 526-547 CE.
Hagia Sophia
Anthemius of Talles and Isidorus of Miletus. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer. Constantinople (Istanbul). c. 532-37 CE.
Merovingian looped fibula
Silver gilt worked in filigree, with inlays of garnets and other stones. Early medieval Europe. c. 6th century.
Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George
Encaustic on wood. Early Byzantine Europe. c. early 7th century.
Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St. Luke incipit page
Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum). Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe. c. early 8th century.
Great Mosque
Stone masonry. Umayyad. Córdoba, Spain. Hypostyle Hall. c. 8th-10th centuries.
Pyxis of al-Mughira
Ivory. Umayyad. c. 357- 986 CE.
Church of Sainte-Foy
Stone (architecture), stone and paint (tympanum), gold silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood (reliquary). Romanesque Europe. Conques, France. c. 1050- 1130 CE.
Bayeux Tapestry
Embroidery on Linen. Romanesque Europe. c. 1070.
Chartres Cathedral
Limestone, stained glass. Gothic Europe. Chartres, France. c. 1145- 1230.
Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France and Scenes from the Apocalypse, from a Bible moralisée
Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum). Gothic Europe. Paris, France. c. 1227-34 CE.
Röttgen Pietà
Painted wood. Late medieval Europe. c. 1300-25.
Arena (Scrovengni) Chapel, including Lamentation
Giotto di Bondone (artist). Brick (architecture) and fresco. Padua, Italy. c. 1305
Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation for Passover)
Illuminated manuscript (pigments on vellum). Late medieval Spain. Barcelona, Spain. c. 1320.
Alhambra Palace
Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding. Nasrid Dynasty. Granada, Spain. c. 1238.
Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)
Workshop of Robert Campin (Master of Flémalle?). Tempera and oil on panel. c. 1425-28.
Pazzi Chapel
Filippo Brunelleschi (architect). Masonry. Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence, Italy. c. 1420s- 1460s.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck. Tempera and oil on wood. c. 1434.
David
Donatello. Bronze. c. mid 5th century.
Palazzo Rucellai
Leon Battista Alberti (architect). Stone, masonry. Roman influences. Florence, Italy. c. 1446- 1451.
Madonna and Child with Two Angels
Fra Filippo Lippi. Tempera on panel. c. 1460- 1465.
Birth of Venus
Sandro Botticelli. Tempera on panel. Early Renaissance. c. 1283-85.
Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci. Oil and tempera, fresco. c. 1495- 98.
Adam and Eve
Albrecht Dürer. Engraving. c. 1504.
Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall frescoes
Michelangelo. Fresco. Vatican City, Italy. c. early 6th century.
School of Athens
Raphael. Fresco. c. 1509- 1511.
Isenheim altarpiece
Matthias Grünewald. Oil on wood. Isenheim, Germany. c. 1510-15.
Entombment of Christ
Jacopo da Pontormo. Oil on wood. c. 1525-28
Allegory of Law and Grace
Lucas Cranach the Elder. Woodcut. Lutheran Reformation. c. 1529.
Venus of Urbino
Titian. Oil on canvas. c. 1538.
Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza
Pigment on paper. Viceroyalty of New Spain. c. 1541-42.
Il Geù, including Triumph of the Name of Jesus ceiling fresco
Giacomo da Vignola, plan (architect), Giacomo della Porta, facade (architect), Giovanni Battista Gaulli, ceiling fresco (artist). Fresco and stucco figures, brick, marble, fresco, and stucco. Spoilia. Baroque. Rome, Italy. c. 1672- 1685.
Hunters in the Snow
Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Oil on wood. c. 1565.
Mosque of Selim II
Sinan (architect). Brick and stone. Edirne, Turkey. Centrally planned. c. 1568- 75.
Calling of Saint Matthew
Caravaggio. Oil on canvas. Baroque. Italy. c. 1599-1600.
Henri IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de'Medici, from the Marie de'Medici Cycle
Peter Paul Rubens. Oil on canvas. Baroque. c. 1621- 1625.
Self-Portrait with Saskia
Rembrandt van Rijn. Etching. Baroque. c. 1636.
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Francesco Borromini (architect). Stone and stucco. Italian Baroque. Rome, Italy. c. 1634- 1646.
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Marble (sculpture), stucco and gilt bronze (chapel). Cornaro Cahpel, Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria. Italian Baroque. Rome, Italy. c. 1647- 52.
Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei
Master of Calamarca (La Paz School). Oil on canvas. Catholic Counter Reformation. Peru. Baroque. c. before 1728.
Las Meninas
Diego Velázquez. Oil on canvas. Spanish Baroque. c. 1656.
Woman Holding a Balance
Johannes Vermeer. Oil on canvas. Baroque. c. 1664
The Palace at Versailles
King Louis XIV of France. Marble and gold. French Baroque. c. 1664- 1710.
Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene
Oil on wood, mother of pearl inlay. Circle of the González family. Mexico. Baroque. c. 1697- 1701.
The Virgin of Guadalupe
Miguel Gonzalez. Oil on canvas on panel, inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City. Baroque. c. late 17th century.
Fruit and Insects
Rachel Ruysch. Oil on wood. Baroque. Still life. c. 1711.
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo
Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez. Oil on canvas. Caste painting (multi racial families). Baroque. c. 1715.
The tête à tête, from Marriage à la Mode
William Hogarth. Oil on canvas. c. 1743.
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Miguel Cabrera. Oil on canvas. Neoclassical. c. 1750.
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery
Joseph Wright of Derby. Oil on canvas. Enlightenment. c. 1763- 65.