Respiratory System

Trace of air through first part of respiratory system

1. nasal cavity

2. nasopharynx

3. oropharynx

4. laryngopharynx

Bronchial tree structure

larynx, trachea, right lung (3), left lung (2)

Structure of respiratory passageways

1. mucosal layer

2. firbromusculocartilaginous layer

3. adventital layer

mucosal layer of respiratory passageways

1. epithelial layer (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

2. submucosal layer (connective tissue)

Fibromusculocartilaginous layer of respiratory passageways

1. fibroelastic connective tissue

2. smooth muscle

3. hyaline cartilage

adventitial layer of respiratory passageways

dense irregular connective tissue

Components of adventitial layer of larynx larynx

dense irregular connective tissue

cartilaginous components of fibromusculocartilaginous layer of larynx

1. thyroid cartilage (hyaline cartilage protects)

2. Cricoid cartilage (hyaline cartilage wraps around entire structure)

3. arytenoid cartilage (hyaline cartilage forms synovial joint with cricoid cartilage)

4. epiglottic cartilage (elastic cartilage flops down when we swallow, preventing food from entering)

muscular components of fibromusculocartilaginous layer of larynx

skeletal muscle attaches to arytenoid cartilage

fibrous components of fibromusculocartilaginous layer of larynx

vocal ligament on each arytenoid cartilage made of dense irregular connective

mucosal layer of larynx

epithelial layer with submucosal layer of loose connective tissue

Subdivisions of larynx

Glottis/ laryngeal activity

1. vocal folds

2. vocal ligaments

3. rima glottidis (space between vocal folds)

Mucosa of Trachea

1. epithelial layer (ciliated pseudostratified columnar)

2. submucosa (loose connective tissue)

Fibromusculocartilaginous layer of trachea

1. tracheal cartilage made of hyaline cartilage that is incomplete on posterior side

2. trachealis muscle (smooth muscle)

3. anular ligament (dense irregular connective tissue wrapping around entire trachea)

Adventitia Layer of trachea

dense irregular connective tissue

Bronchi sequence

1. principal bronchus

2. lobar bronchus

3. segmental bronchus

4. bronchiole

5. alveolar duct

6. alveolar saccule

7. pulmonary alveolus

Functional anatomy of gas exchange

1. pulmonary arterioles- carbon dioxide rich blood from the heart

2. pulmonary capillaries- endothelium exchange of molecules

3. pulmonary venules- oxygen rich blood back to the heart