Major Features of Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport System, and Chemiosmosis

Glycolysis

is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism

pyruvates

Glycolysis is a series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called ________

ancient metabolic pathway

Glycolysis is an ________________, meaning that it evolved long ago, and it is found in the great majority of organisms alive today

Glucose + Adenosine diphosphate + Phosphate + Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

The reactants of glycolysis are?

Pyruvate + Water + Adenosine triphosphate + Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + Hydrogen ions

The products of glycolysis are?

Krebs cycle

occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis

mitochondria

where does the Kreb’s cycle occur?

citric acid cycle

also referred as Kreb’s cycle

acetyl-CoA

Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and loses carbon dioxide to form _______, a 2-carbon molecule

NADH, FADH2, and ATP

When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is released and captured in the form of ___________

oxidative phosphorylation

The citric acid cycle provides the electrons that fuel the process of ____________ — our major source of ATP and energy

electron transport chain

is the last component of aerobic respiration and is the only part of glucose metabolism that uses atmospheric oxygen.

redox reactions

Electron transport is a series of __________ that are passed rapidly from one component to the next, to the endpoint of the chain where the electrons reduce molecular oxygen, producing water.

water

byproduct of electron transport chain

proton pump

The common feature of all electron transport chains is the presence of a ________ to create a proton gradient across a membrane

chemiosmosis

where the free energy from the series of redox reactions described is used to pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane.

ATP synthase

hydrogen ions in the matrix space can only pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane through an integral membrane protein called ____________

Chemiosmosis

__________ is used to generate 90% of the ATP made during aerobic glucose catabolism

oxidative phosphorylation

production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria is called _____________

photophosphorylation

method used in the light reactions of photosynthesis to harness the energy of sunlight

exergonic reactions

when the chemical bonds within ATP are broken, energy is released

endergonic reactions

when the chemical bonds within ADP are receiving electrons, energy is absorbed