L6: Changing Cultures - Renaissance, Religious Reformation and Printing Press

significance of the ‘wicked bible’

contributed to creation of oxford university press

meaning of renaissance

rebirth

dates of renaissance in italy

c. 1350-1520

dates of renaissance in northern europe

c. 1500-1600

main aim of renaissance

to reconnect with ancient worlds

leaders of the renaissance

rulers of city states, princes, medici family, the pope

was the renaissance focus on religion?

no, very secular focus

‘humanism’ meaning

study of humanity, in theory

renaissance covered which subjects?

art, architecture, classical languages, politics, and science

reframed artists in what way?

as creative and unique geniuses, rather than mere employees

reformation meaning

returning something to its original values

reformation leader

Martin Luther

ad fontes meaning

to the sources

sola scripture meaning

only the scripture can be taken as god’s words

sola fide meaning

all religion must be about faith in god

Martin Luther’s life’s work

translating the bible into german - he believed everyone should be able to read it

‘vulgate’ bible meaning

the prior bible which incorporated doctrine of the pope and theologians, assimilated past knowledge including ‘pagan’ greek and roman authors and manuscripts by monks as well as the scriptures themselves

catholic responses to reformation

internal reform and missionary focus, ‘evangelisation’

reformation’s impact on the Treaty of Tordesillas

less people were loyal to the Pope

confessionalisation meaning

creation of distinct confessional identities or creeds, often through social disciplining

time period in which there was globally low literacy

1500-1800

likely exceptions to low literacy rates

social elites, humanists of renaissance, members of courts, those educated by chinese system

main drivers of increasing literacy

social demand - impacted by social and political changes, gender differentiation and religious inspiration

explosion of printed texts c.1503

estimated 8-20 million

main types of texts printed

religious texts, posters, legal and ecclesiastical, songs and hymns, grammars, dictionaries and advice books