Oral Anatomy: Permanent Incisors and Canines Vocabulary

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering dental anatomy traits, dimensions, eruption ages, and characteristics of permanent incisors and canines.

Maxillary Incisors

Fixed cutting blades positioned in the upper jaw (maxilla), which is attached to the cranium.

Mandibular Incisors

Movable cutting blades positioned in the lower jaw (mandible).

Functions of Incisors

Cut food, provide esthetics to shape the face, support the lips, and assist in pronunciation ($z$, $s$, $f$ sounds).

Incisor Incisal 2/3 Crown Shape

Appears flattened or compressed labiolingually, providing a long horizontal biting edge.

Mamelons

Two or more projections that surmount the incisal margins of all newly erupted incisors.

Incisor Marginal Ridges

Located on the mesial and distal borders of lingual surfaces, roughly parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

Maxillary Incisors Arch Traits

Wider than corresponding mandibular incisors, central larger than lateral, more prominent marginal ridges and cinguli, deeper lingual fossae, and crown wider mesiodistally than labiolingually.

Mandibular Incisors Arch Traits

Narrowest teeth of the incisor class, lateral larger than central, marginal ridges and cinguli not prominent, shallow lingual fossa, flat labial surfaces, and crown wider labiolingually than mesiodistally.

Maxillary Central Incisor Mesiodistal Width

The widest tooth mesiodistally among all maxillary incisors.

Maxillary Central Incisor Incisal Angles

Possesses a nearly straight incisal edge with a sharp $90\text{ degree}$ mesioincisal angle and a rounded distoincisal angle.

Maxillary Central Incisor Root Shape

Cone-shaped root that makes the tooth non-retentive in its socket when avulsed.

Maxillary Central Incisor Incisal Outline

Triangular-shaped crown outline from the incisal view, with the cingulum offset towards the distal.

Maxillary Central Incisor Contact Areas

Mesial contact area is at the incisal third very near the incisal angle; distal contact area is near the junction of the incisal and middle thirds.

Maxillary Central Incisor Calcification

First evidence of calcification occurs at $3\text{--}4\,\text{months}$.

Maxillary Central Incisor Eruption

Erupts between $7\text{--}8\,\text{years}$ of age.

Maxillary Central Incisor Crown Length

Cervicoincisal length of crown suggested for carving technique is $10.5\,\text{mm}$.

Maxillary Central Incisor Root Length

Length of root suggested for carving technique is $13.0\,\text{mm}$.

Maxillary Permanent Incisors Aspect Views

Anatomic drawings illustrating labial, lingual, incisal, mesial, and distal views of the maxillary right permanent lateral and central incisors.

Anodontia

Condition where there is no tooth bud to replace a deciduous tooth, most commonly affecting the maxillary lateral incisor.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Variability

The most variable tooth in the mouth according to shape, size, and number, making it the hardest tooth to identify when extracted.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Lingual Aspect

Exhibits the most prominent marginal ridges and cingulum, as well as the deepest lingual fossa among incisors.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Incisal Aspect

Ovoid crown shape from the incisal view with a rounder mesiolabial angle, a more centered cingulum, and a highly convex labial surface.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Calcification

First evidence of calcification occurs at $10\text{--}12\,\text{months}$.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Eruption

Erupts between $8\text{--}9\,\text{years}$ of age.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Crown Length

Cervicoincisal length of crown suggested for carving technique is $9.0\,\text{mm}$.

Maxillary Lateral Incisor Root Length

Length of root suggested for carving technique is $13.0\,\text{mm}$.

Mandibular Central Incisor Aspect Views

Anatomic drawings illustrating labial, lingual, incisal, mesial, and distal views of the mandibular right permanent central incisor.

Mandibular Central Incisor Symmetry

Bilaterally symmetrical tooth with straight mesial and distal outlines tapering evenly to the apex.

Mandibular Central Incisor Size

The smallest tooth in the dental arch, with a crown width a little more than half of the mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary central incisor.

Mandibular Central Incisor Labiolingual vs Mesiodistal Dimension

Labiolingual measurement is greater than the mesiodistal measurement by $0.4\,\text{mm}$.

Mandibular Central Incisor Contact Areas

Both mesial and distal contact areas are at the same level, located very near the incisal angle.

Mandibular Central Incisor Calcification

First evidence of calcification occurs at $3\text{--}4\,\text{months}$.

Mandibular Central Incisor Eruption

Erupts between $6\text{--}7\,\text{years}$ of age.

Mandibular Central Incisor Root Completion

Root development is completed at $9\,\text{years}$ of age.

Mandibular Central Incisor Crown Length

Cervicoincisal length of crown suggested for carving technique is $9.5\,\text{mm}$.

Mandibular Central Incisor Root Length

Length of root suggested for carving technique is $12.5\,\text{mm}$.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Aspect Views

Anatomic drawings illustrating labial, lingual, incisal, mesial, and distal views of the mandibular right permanent lateral incisor.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Width and Symmetry

Wider than the mandibular central incisor and bilaterally asymmetrical, with a bulky and shorter distal outline.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Incisal Angles

Features a $90\text{ degree}$ mesioincisal angle and a slightly rounded distoincisal angle.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Incisal Aspect

Features a distolingual twist of the incisal edge and a distally offset cingulum.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Calcification

First evidence of calcification occurs at $3\text{--}4\,\text{months}$.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Eruption

Erupts between $7\text{--}8\,\text{years}$ of age.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Root Completion

Root development is completed at $10\,\text{years}$ of age.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Crown Length

Cervicoincisal length of crown suggested for carving technique is $9.5\,\text{mm}$.

Mandibular Lateral Incisor Root Length

Length of root suggested for carving technique is $14.0\,\text{mm}$.

Canine Eminence

A facial bulge of bone over the labial root aspect that provides structural support for the canine tooth.

Alternate Names for Canines

Also referred to as cuspids, fangs, or eyeteeth.

Functions of Canines

Help support lips and facial muscles for esthetics, cut, pierce, and shear food, provide canine guidance in occlusion, and serve as good abutments.

Canine Guidance

Function as guideposts in occlusion resulting from the steep vertical overlap of maxillary and mandibular canines.

Canine Class Traits

Characteristics shared by all canines including a single conical cusp, the largest single root, and a functional lingual surface.

Facial Views of Canines

Comparative labial/facial view diagrams showing the right maxillary canine and right mandibular canine.

Maxillary Canine Root Feature

Possesses the bulkiest single root of any tooth, particularly in the maxillary arch.

Maxillary Canine Incisal Margins Height

Incisal margins occupy $\frac{1}{3}$ to $\frac{1}{2}$ of the total crown height.

Maxillary Canine Cusp Slopes

Features a short mesial cusp ridge (slope) and a longer distal cusp ridge.

Maxillary Canine Contact Areas

Mesial contact area is at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds; distal contact area is at the middle third.

Maxillary Canine Calcification

First evidence of calcification occurs at $4\text{--}5\,\text{months}$.

Maxillary Canine Eruption

Erupts between $11\text{--}12\,\text{years}$ of age.

Maxillary Canine Root Completion

Root development is completed at $13\text{--}15\,\text{years}$ of age.

Maxillary Canine Crown Length

Cervicoincisal length of crown suggested for carving technique is $10.0\,\text{mm}$.

Maxillary Canine Root Length

Length of root suggested for carving technique is $17.0\,\text{mm}$.

Maxillary Canine Mesiodistal Crown Diameter

Suggested mesiodistal diameter of crown for carving technique is $7.5\,\text{mm}$.

Maxillary Canine Labiolingual Crown Diameter

Suggested labio- or buccolingual diameter of crown for carving technique is $8.0\,\text{mm}$.

Mesial Views of Canines

Comparative proximal diagrams illustrating the mesial view of the right maxillary canine and right mandibular canine.

Incisal Views of Canines

Comparative incisal view diagrams showing the right maxillary canine and right mandibular canine.

Mandibular Canine Incisal Margins Height

Incisal margins occupy $\frac{1}{4}$ to $\frac{1}{5}$ of the total crown height.

Scoliosed Tooth

Descriptive term used for the mandibular canine in labial view due to its curved alignment outline.

Mandibular Canine Lingual Anatomy

Characterized by a flatter lingual surface with vestigial anatomic details, no lingual grooves or pits, and a distally offset cingulum.

Mandibular Canine Calcification

First evidence of calcification occurs at $4\text{--}5\,\text{months}$.

Mandibular Canine Eruption

Erupts between $9\text{--}10\,\text{years}$ of age.

Mandibular Canine Crown Length

Cervicoincisal length of crown suggested for carving technique is $11.0\,\text{mm}$.